初三英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题

浅谈初中英语虚拟语气的用法

一．语气的概念

英语动词不仅有时态、语态等的变化，而且还有语气的变化。语气和时态、语态一样都是英语的语法现象。

从形式上看，语气是动词的一种变化形式。

从意义上讲，语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的看法和态度。根据说话人的意图，语气可分3种：

⑴直陈语气（又叫陈述语气）——用来陈述事实（或提问题）等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句或感叹句。

⑵祈使语气——用来提出请求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。

⑶虚拟语气——见下面。

语气和时态是截然不同的概念，但语气要通过动词的时态形式表示出来。

二．虚拟语气

㈠概念通常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种纯粹的假设、虚拟、主观愿望或建议等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句等。

㈡动词形式虚拟语气的动词形式大多数情况是用动词（相应）的过去时（相对直陈语气而言）。动词be若用过去式时可以一律用were。

㈢应用

⑴在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。表示纯粹的假设，或可能性很小的情

况。主从句的谓语动词主要形式如下：

例：1）If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie.

2）What would you do if you had a million dollars ?

3）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

4）If he hadn’t been strict with himself, he wouldn’t have made such progress.

⑵在wish等宾语从句中的应用。表示纯粹的主观愿望，不可能实现的，或实现的可能性极小的情况。宾语从句谓语动词根据具体情况常可用一般过去时，过去将来时或过去完成时等。

例如： 1）I wish that I could help him now.

我现在要是能帮上他该多好啊！或我多么希望现在能帮上他！（言下之意：我现在帮不上他，没能力帮助他）

2）I wish I could come here tomorrow.

明天我要是能来这儿就好了！（言下之意：我明天根本不可能来这儿，或我明天能来这儿的可能性很小） 3）We wish he hadn’t gone. 他要是没有走该多好啊！

⑶用在suggest等的宾语从句中，表是纯粹的建议。

句型为：suggest(ed) that … (should) + 动词原形…（should可省略）

1）He suggests that we (should) visit the museum.

2) We suggested that he _____ here every day.

A. come

B. comes

C. came

D. can come

E. could come

虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

1.省掉if的条件从句结构：

Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)

2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：

A true friend would not do such a thing.

(=If he were a true friend, he...)

(=If there were no water,…)

(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)

例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]

（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）

Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]

(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)

I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]

(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)

3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

If I were you, I would have gone home.

五、虚拟语气的其他用法

1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.

上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。

He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.

如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。

He insists that he is right.

2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

It is right that you should have done your homework.

I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)

I wish they’d let us get some sleep.

注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

（1）We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)

（2）We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)

4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：

He acts as if nothing had happened.

I would rat her you didn’t tell him.

5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：

It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.