6.翻译的单位

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翻译理论与实践
3. Translation unit: paragraph
可考虑到句与句之间的连接与呼应
可考虑到句与句之间的逻辑关系,以重组句子，或分译,或合译
可按英语段落结构的特点，对汉语段落进行重组
可按汉英段落结构的差异，重新分段 可考虑到段与段之间的关系和衔接，从而逐步扩大到段群乃至整个 篇章
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翻译理论与实践
2. Translation unit: sentence
Keep the sentence structure
Break the sentence structure
Combination/ Division
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翻译理论与实践
Eg. 这三个县经历了那场1中国2七十年代3第
四次 4 极为严重的 5 遍及数省的 6 自然 7 灾害。
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翻译理论与实践
1. What is translation unit?
在翻译的过程中，译者必须对原语的结构形 式进行语义分析，将它分解成一个个相对独立的
语言单位，然后进行综合和转换。
Peter Newmark: the minimal stretch of language that has to be
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翻译理论与实践
Normally, by the time you have started working,
you translate sentence by sentence, and you will consciously be looking at the larger units —— paragraphs and text —— only, for example (1) when you have difficulties with connectives； (2) when you are not happy about the sentence as a unit;
The three counties underwent the1 fourth4 most
serious5 natural7 disaster that plagued several
provinces6 in China2 in the 1970s3.
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翻译理论与实践
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Try to analyze the time-and-space and logic
翻译理论与实践
Assignments
关于禹的出生有许多神奇的传说。有的说，鲧死 了三年，尸体还没有腐烂。有人用刀子把尸体剖开， 禹就跳了出来；有的说，禹的母亲吃了一种野果，就 生下了禹。大家都说禹是神的儿子，是一个聪明、能 干、了不起的英雄。
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翻译理论与实践
Reference version:
There have been many mythical stories about Yu’s birth. One is that three years after Gun was killed, his body still showed no sign of putrefaction, and when someone cut it open, out bounded Yu the boy. Another has it that Yu’s mother gave birth to him after eating a kind of wild fruit. Anyway, in ancient times, everyone seemed to believe that Yu was the son of a god, an ingenious, capable and peerless hero.
translated together, as one unit.
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翻译理论与实践
巴尔胡达罗夫：音位层、词素层、词层、词组层、句 子层和话语层
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
系统功能语言学：以话语作为翻译的分析单位，而不
是词、句这样的语法单位 诺德：按功能划分翻译单位 翻译的单位是动态的、开放的、多元的、互补的， 要因译者、语言、内容和阶段的不同而不同。
翻译理论与实践
Translation Theory and Practice
钱 虹
Topic 6 Translation Unit
翻译的单位
翻译理论与实践
1. What is translation unit?
2. Translation unit: sentence
3. Translation unit: paragraph
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翻译理论与实践
Peter Newmark:
The sentence is the “natural” unit of translation, just as it is the natural unit of comprehension and recorded thought. 黄忠廉： 以句子为翻译单位“可以左顾右盼，瞻前顾后， 在语言单位中也居中间地位，向下可含音（音位）、 词素、词、词组，向上可组成语段、语篇”。
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翻译理论与实践
• Eg. • The radio clicked on. Rock music blasted forth. Like a shot, the music woke Sandy.
• 译文1：收音机“嘟”的一声打开。摇滚乐“哗啦”地响开 了。音乐像枪声似的将桑迪吵醒。 • 译文2：收音机“咔哒”一声响了，突然迸发出摇滚乐声， 一下子惊醒了桑迪。
翻译理论与实践
Eg. 游船出了峡谷，驶入了宽阔的加通湖。湖 水倒映着远山白云，美丽的小岛时隐时现。
The boat sailed out of the gorge and into the wide Gatun Lake, with white clouds and distant hills reflected in it and pretty isles passing into and out of sight.
relationships between the different parts of the
sentence. • Chinese sentence structure: wave structure, bamboo structure. • English sentence structure: tree structure, grape structure.
翻译理论与实践

Eg. 相传四五千年以前，黄河流域发生了一次特大 的水灾，洪水冲毁了房屋和村庄，淹没了田地，/淹 死了许多人。活着的人只好搬到山上去住，或者离 开家乡，逃到很远很远的地方去。
Legend has it that some four or five thousand years ago there once occurred in the Yellow River Valley a terrible flood which washed away whole villages with their houses and inundated large areas of cropland. Many people lost their lives in the flood and those who were fortunate enough to survive were forced to abandon their homes and go and live on hillsides or migrate to places far, far away.
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翻译理论与实践
(3) when you start revising your version.
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翻译理论与实践
Our view on translation unit: based on the sentence while widely scanning the paragraph and text.
翻译单位观：立足于句，放眼语篇