大学英语3册网络辅导资源

《新坐标大学英语（专升本）》第三册课程辅导资源
第三册
Unit 1 Stories Lighting up the Hospital
参考资源：
语法部分参考资料——不定式
不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语和补语等。

如：
She kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose the job. 为了不丢掉工作，她对这次事故保持沉默。

(目的状语)
It always pays to tell the truth. 说实话总是不吃亏的。

（作主语）
It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home. 天太晚了，我们决定坐出租车回家。

(作宾语) The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。

(作定语)
He gave the order to start the attack. 他发出了开始进攻的命令。

(作同位语)
请注意以下用法:
(1) 不定式在句中作目的状语，常意为“为了”。

不定式一般放在句末，但有时为了强调目的，也可以放在句首。

To pass the exam, the students have to work hard. 为了通过考试，学生们不得不努力学习。

但是，有些带to的固定搭配，一般放在句首，并不是表示目的。

to be honest 诚实地讲
to be frank 坦率地讲
to tell you the truth 跟你说实话吧
to begin with 首先
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
(2) only/never to do sth 作结果状语
The general left home, never to return. 将军离家而去，一去不复返。

Alice hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday. 爱丽丝迅速赶到学校，结果发现是星期日。

参考文献
/essays/87528.html
/syy/yywh/200912/15751.html
百度词典
网站：
本章小结：
1、本单元学习目的
通过学习两篇发生在医院的感人故事来感知人间处处有温情。

2、本单元学习要求
（1）应掌握的内容
Text A的语言点：arise, intensive,fix up, make up one’s mind, conquer, bossy, call off, give up on.
Text B的语言点：occupy,on end, overlook, in detail
（2）学会邀请用语、不定式、写作中表赞同、解释原因、举例的句型。

3、本单元学习方法
自学为主，辅以练习。

熟读课文内容，理解并记忆新语言点和交际用语（Use of English），细读并掌握相关写作技巧（Writing Skills）和语法(Grammar)部分。

4、本单元重点难点分析
重点
学会邀请用语。

A. 发出邀请的用语
①在日常交往中邀请与被邀请是常有的事。

你和一帮同学去踢球，你想邀请你的好朋友李雷参加，在这种轻松随便的场合，你可用下面的方式邀请他：
1.Can you come?
2.Why don't you join us?
3.What about joining us?
4.Will you come to play football?
5.Would you come to play football with us?(注：would较will更为客气和委婉。

)
6.Do you want to come with us?
②如果你邀请班上新来的同学参加你的生日party,在这种较为正式的场合，你可用下面的话邀请：
1.Would you like to come to my birthday party?
2.I hope you can come to my party.
3.I'd /We'd like to invite you to my party.
B.接受邀请的答语：
1.That's very kind of you.Thank you.你太好了，谢谢你。

还可以说：
It's very nice of you.Thank you.
That would be very nice.Thank you.
2.Yes,I'd love /like to come /go(with you).是的，我很高兴和你一起来(去)。

也可简答为：Yes，I'd love／like to.(注：答语后面的"to"不可省略。

)
3.Thank you very much.I'd love to(come).非常感谢，我很高兴前往。

4.I'd love to come.Thank you for inviting/asking me.我很高兴来。

感谢你邀请我。

C.无法接受邀请，要婉言谢绝：
1.That's very kind of you,but I'm afraid I can't.你真是太好了，不过恐怕我不能来。

2.Thank you very much.I'd love to,but I am sorry I can't.非常感谢，我很想来，但很抱歉我来不了。

3.I'd love to,but I have to...我很想来，但我不得不……。

4.I'm very sorry,but I can't...很抱歉，可我不能……。

D.请到某人很高兴：
1.I'm so glad you can come.我很高兴你能来。

2.It's a real pleasure to have you with us tonight.今晚能请到你们，真是太荣幸了。

3.I'm glad you can make it.真高兴你能来。

难点
学会不定式用法。

动词不定式要点总结
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

一、常接不定式作宾语的动词有want，love，learn，agree，decide，hope，refuse等。

例如：
I'm learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上学滑冰。

［特别提醒］不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。

例如：
He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现入睡很困难。

二、动词不定式常用作目的状语。

例如：
He came to give us a talk yesterday. 他昨天来给我们作了个报告。

Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 布朗夫人去看她的医生了。

三、tell，ask，want，order，get，wish，warn，teach，invite等动词后常跟不定式作宾语的补足语，构成tell/ ask……sb to do sth（―告诉/请……某人做某事‖）结构。

例如：
Could you ask him to call me，please？请你让他给我打个电话，好吗？
［特别提醒］使役动词let，make，have等，感官动词see，hear，feel，watch，notice，look at，listen to等，后常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

例如：
A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 一位妇女路过时看到（它掉下）了。

We often heard her sing in the next room. 我们经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。

注意：在被动语态句子中，不定式前必须加to.例如：
He was made to do it. 他被迫做这件事。

She was often heard to sing in the next room. 经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。

四、不定式短语作定语要放在被修饰的词语之后。

例如：
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事情要做。

五、不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式短语放在后面。

例如：
It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是有益的。

六、作表语。

例如：
To him，the first important thing was to save lives. 对他来说，最重要的事情就是拯救生命。

His wish is to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。

七、动词不定式用在疑问词how，when，where，what，which等之后，作宾语或宾语补足语。

例如：
He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我们如何使用计算机。

I don't know where to go？我不知道去哪里。

本章测试：
1、本单元考核点
邀请用语。

不定式用法。

2、本单元课后习题
邀请用语。

1．—We will have a party tonight, Will you join us?
— ____________________
A. No, you can’t.
B. You’re wrong.
C. Yes, I’d love to.
D. Thank you just the same..
答案：C
2．—Would you like to have dinner with me this weekend?
— ____________________
A. Why should I do it?
B. No. It’s impossible.
C. I’d love to, but I will be out of town for business then.
D. Can you phone me?
答案：C。

3．—Would you like some tea?
— ____________________
A.Yes, I like coffee.
B. I prefer tea.
C. I don’t know.
D. No, you can’t.
答案：B。

4．—Would you like to go fishing with us this afternoon?
— ____________________
A. No, I can’t.
B. Yes, I don’t want to.
C. I will tell you tomorrow.
D. Why not? It’s a good idea!
答案：D
5. —We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us?
— ____________________
A. I’m afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting.
B. Of course not. I have no idea.
C. No, I can’t.
D. That’s all set.
答案：A
不定式用法。

1. Tell him ______ the light.
A. to turn
B. not to turn on
C. to not turn
D. not to turn
答案：B。

2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.
A. prepare
B. preparing
C. to prepare
D. to be prepared
答案：C。

3. The funny story _______ me laugh.
A. make
B. making
C. to make
D. made
答案：D。

4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.
A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. to be read
答案：C。

5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.
A. to sit
B. to sit on
C. sitting
D. Sit
答案：B。

6. Nobody knows __________next.
A. what to do
B. to do what
C. which to do
D. how to do
答案：A。

7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.
A. to, to remember
B. for, to remember
C. for, remember
D. for, remembering 答案：B。

8. _______ English well, one must have a lot of practice.
A. For speaking
B. Speaking
C. To speak
D. Speak
答案：C。

9. I'm going to the library ______ the books.
A. return
B. borrow
C. to return
D. to lend
答案：C。

10. We went to town _________ some shopping.
A. doing
B. did
C. to make
D. to do
答案：D。

Unit 2 Environmental Matters
参考资源：
语法部分参考资料——动名词
动名词语法内容
1、动名词的概念
2、动名词的用法
3、动名词的复合结构
4、动名词的否定形式
5、动名词的时态语态
6、分词
1、动名词的概念
动名词是非谓动词的一种形式。

是在动词原形的末尾加上-ing。

英语动名词有两个特点：1）它是从动词变化而来的，所以它保留了动词的某些特征，例如它能带自己的宾语、状语等，这时就叫动名词短语；
2）顾名思义，动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词，因此，动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语等。

2、动名词的用法
1）作主语
动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。

例如：Beating the boy is wrong.
Seeing is believing.
Breathing became difficult at that altitude.
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.
Cheating on an exam ruins one's character.
动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …"句式来表示。

例如：
It takes me ten minutes getting home from my office.
It needs time making three copies of it.
It is no use waiting for him any longer.
It is no good learning without practice.
It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light.
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.
2）作定语
动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于
单个的动名词作定语。

例如：
swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料
walking stick 手杖opening speech 开幕词
listening aid 助听器waiting room 候车室
running water 自来水developing countries 发展中国家
3）作表语
动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。

动名词作表语，表达的是―某件事‖等。

例如：
His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）
他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。

Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （动名词）
His wish is becoming a pilot.
To keep the money you have found is stealing.
4）作宾语
①动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。

例如：
He managed to escape suffering from the disease.
After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear.
Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter. When he came back home from his night shift, Jason tried to avoid wakening his family.
②在介词后面也要用动名词作宾语。

例如：
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
On hearing our delegation in Sydney had won 28 gold medals, all the Chinese people cheered up
with great joy and showed their great respects to our athletes.
当听到我国在悉尼的奥运代表团获得了28块金牌时，全中国人民都高兴地欢呼起来，并向我们的运动健儿们表示崇高的敬意。

The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad.
They are against using so many animals in experiments.
He apologized for interrupting us.
Thank you for offering me so much help.
He is fond of watching sports-games.
3、动名词的复合结构
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

(Reading aloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来)
逻辑主语：是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者；它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系，但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语，因此叫逻辑主语。

逻辑主语就是不一定是出现在句子里的那个主语，但却是能真正发出该句子动作的人。

如果动名词doing需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般在动名词的前面加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加’s)，即one’s doing，构成动名词的复合结构。

His father’s falling ill worried him greatly.
他父亲生病使他着急。

(his father是falling ill的逻辑主语)
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
动名词复合结构的一般规则是：
①当动名词的复合结构one’s doing作宾语时，可将形容词性物主代词或名词所有格变成其宾格形式。

如：
Tom’s coming is what we have expected.
His coming is what we have expected.
She didn’t mind Tom’s/ Tom coming here.
She didn’t mind his/ him coming here.
②如果名词是表示无生命事物时，只用―名词的普通格
+doing‖，不用名词的所有格。

Can you hear the noise of the machine running?
你能听到机器运转的声音吗？
对比：
Would you mind opening the window? 请你把窗子打开好吗？
(opening the window的逻辑主语是you)
Would you mind my/me opening the window? 你介意我打开窗子吗？
（opening the window的逻辑主语是me)
4、动名词的否定形式
动名词的否定形式由not加doing形式构成。

His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.
他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。

注意，复合形式的动名词中not不可置于having
或being之后。

例：Excuse me for not being able to offer you any help. 很抱歉不能给你提供任何帮助。

5、动名词的时态语态
1）主动语态一般时——表示
①无时间意义的行为；
②与谓语行为同时的行为；
③谓语行为之先的行为；
④被动行为。

例：I don’t mind having a cup of whisky at parties.
我不介意在聚会上喝一杯威士忌。

The TV set needs repairing again.
这台电视机需要再次修理。

2）主动语态完成时——
表示谓语行为之先的行为。

例：They were lucky in having found the stolen car.
很幸运他们已经找到了丢失的自行车。

3）被动语态一般时——
表示其逻辑主语承受的行为。

例：The fact of being backed by so many people is a great comfort.
有这么多人支持真是一个巨大的安慰。

4）被动语态完成时——
表示其逻辑主语在谓语之先承受的行为。

例：Do you remember having been sent such an e-mail?
你记得别人发来这么一封邮件吗？
参考文献
/globalwarming
/environment-pollution.html
本章小结：
1、本单元学习目的
通过学习本单元了解我们面临的环境问题和污染问题。

2、本单元学习要求
（1）应掌握的内容
Text A的语言点：emit, occur, solar, enhance, misleading, infectious, track, induce, nuclear, due to result in, in place of, add to, be responsible for , attribute…to…
Text B的语言点：artificial, upset, consumption, excess, be bound to, dispose of, in some cases, in terms of…
（2）学会购物交际用语、动名词、写作中表引入话题、举例、列举、以及总结的句型。

3、本单元学习方法
自学为主，辅以练习。

熟读课文内容，理解并记忆新语言点和交际用语（Use of English），细读并掌握相关写作技巧（Writing Skills）和语法(Grammar)部分。

4、本单元重点难点分析
重点
学会购物交际用语。

一、售货员招呼顾客：
在讲英语国家的商店里，售货员见到顾客时常说：
1. May I help you？您买东西吗？
2. Can I help you？／What can I do for you？您想买什么？
3. Is there anything I can do for you?
4. May (Can) I do something for you?
一般不说：What do you want？因为这样问显得无礼。

店主或店员想了解顾客想要什么，喜欢什么或向顾客推荐物品时的用语：
Which shirt (pen…)do you like?你想买哪一种衬衫（笔…）?
What size (colour, kind…)do y ou want? 你想买哪种型号（颜色，种类…）?
Do you like this size (colour, kind…)?你喜欢这种型号（颜色，种类…）吗？
Is this (Are these) all right? 这个（这些）可以吗？
What about these (those)? 这些（那些）怎么样？
What else would you like? 你想要点什么？
二、顾客告诉售货员想买什么：
（1）如果顾客需要购物可以说：
1. I am looking for a red coat. 我想买一件红衣服。

2. I want to get a pair of sunglasses. 我想买一副太阳镜。

3. I'd like to have a pair of black trousers. 我想买条黑裤子。

4. Can you show me a shirt？可以把衬衫给我看看吗？
5. Could I have a look at that blouse？我可以看看那件女式衫衣吗？
（2）如果你只想逛商店可以说：
No，thanks. I'm just looking around. ／Just have a look. 不，谢谢了。

我只是随便看看而已。

顾客要告诉店主或店员想买什么时的用语：
Can you show me…? 你能给我看看…吗？
I would like(want)some…我想买…
Have you got any…? 你们有…吗？
I’m looking for…我想买…
顾客向店主或店员询问价钱或讨价还价时，可以说：
How much is it(are they)?多少钱？
How much do you ask for it (them)?这个（些）你要多少钱？
What does it come to? 一共多少钱？
Can it(they)be cheaper? 能便宜点吗？
That’s too much dear. 太贵了。

Can you sell it for two yuan? 两元钱你卖吗？
Can you come down a little? 能便宜一点吗？
How much do you want? 你想要多少钱？
顾客选购物品时，店主和顾客之间交谈的常用语：
May I have a look at it (them)? 我可以看看吗？
Can I try it (them)on? 我可以试一试吗？
…is(are)over there. …在那儿。

三、询问顾客想买的商品的特征时可以说：
1. What colour do you want？／What colour, please？你要什么颜色的？
2. What size do you want？／What size, please？你要什么尺码的？
3. What kind do you want？／What kind, please？你要哪一种？
四、售货员向顾客推荐商品：
1. What about the green one？那件绿色的怎么样？
2. The coat is nice and warm. 这件衣服很暖和。

3. The trousers are the fashion now. 这种裤子现在正流行。

4. How do you like this pattern？你觉得这种款式怎么样？
5. How about the colour？这颜色怎么样？
五、顾客询问价格：
1. How much is it？它要多少钱？
2. How much are these things？这些东西多少钱？
3. How much does it come to？一共多少钱？
4. What's the price of it？这个多少钱？
5. How much，please？请问要多少钱？
六、买卖达成：
顾客中意某一件东西后想买下某物时说：I'll have／take it. （我要买这个。

）而较少说：I'll buy it.
七、付钱：
Here's the money. 来，付钱。

当顾客购物付款后，售货员或收款员通常要向顾客致谢说：Thank you.
1、May/Can I help you? 您想买点什么？
2、Are you looking for something particular? 您需要什么东西？
3、We have a clearance sale today.我们今天请仓大处理。

4、The price will go down.价格将会降低。

5、I heard other stores having great mark-downs on this item.我听说别的商店这种商品
正在大降价。

6、Please try it on.请试穿一下。

7、I\'ve seen this cheaper in other places.我在别的地方看见过这种商品，价格比者便
宜。

8、Could you bring the price down?价格能再低一点吗？
9、That is a steal.这是廉价品。

10、I\'d buy this if it were cheaper.如果再便宜一点我就买。

11、It\'s a little overpriced.有点贵。

12、Do you know what size you are?你知道自己穿多大好吗？
13、I\'m afraid we\'re out of that item.恐怕那种货已经卖完了。

14、I\'m afraid we don\'t have it in stock.恐怕已经没有存货了。

15、Where is the men\'s shop?男装柜台在哪？
16、Do you have this in stock?这个还有存货吗？
17、Do you have this in blue?这件有蓝色的吗？
18、How are you going to pay? Cash,check or charge?你打算怎样付款，现金、支票，还是赊帐？
19、How will you pay for this?你用什么方式付款？
20、Cash back?要现金找头吗？
21、what a deal!多便宜！
22、Bring your receipt to the customer service,and they will refund you.拿着你收据到顾客服务台，他们会给恁退钱。

23、Can you give me the invoice?你能给我发票吗？
难点
本单元的语法是难点，尤其是动名词的结构和形式。

动名词的否定结构
动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。

如：
Trying without success is better than not trying at all.
实验没有成功也比不实验好。

He hated himself for not having work hard.
他悔恨自己没有用功。

I’m sorr y for not having telephoned you before.
很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。

He felt sorry for not having done the work well.
他为没有把工作做好感到难过。

I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.
我看不去对你倒好了。

（not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式）
There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. （no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定）动名词复合结构
通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。

如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语，宾语等。

（1）逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时（尤其在口语中），也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。

如：
Do you think my going there will be of any help?
你看我去会有什么帮助吗？（宾语）
The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.
这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。

（主语）
Do you mind my(me) smoking ?
你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语）
They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there.
他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。

（介词宾语）
（2）逻辑主语是无生命名词是，通常只用名词普通格。

如：
Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?
你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？
Is there any hope of our team winning the match ?
我们对赢得比赛有希望吗？
3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybo dy, anyone 时，只用普通格。

如：
She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.
她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。

动名词的形式（一般式，完成式和被动式）
(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。

如：
We are very interested in collecting stamps.
我们对集邮很感兴趣。

His coming will be of great help to us .
他来对我们大有帮助。

但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词after, on, upon, 或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。

如：
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。

On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying.
一听到这个糟糕的消息，母亲就禁不住哭了起来。

Excuse me for coming late.
我来晚了，请原谅。

Thank you for giving us so much help.
谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。

(2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。

He regrets not having taken part in the work.
他后悔没有参加这项工作。

We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。

(3)动名词的被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。

如：
I like being given harder work.
我喜欢接受难点的工作。

She is proud of being admitted into the university.
她为被大学录取而感到自豪。

The meeting was put off without his having been consulted.
会议延期并未和他商量。

He doesn’t mind having been criticized.
他不介意过去受到的批评。

本章测试：
1、本单元考核点
购物交际用语。

动名词用法。

2、本单元课后习题
购物用语练习题。

1、— I'd like to buy a ten-speed bicycle.
— How about this kind of type?
— ______?
A. How many is it
B. How is it
C. How much is it
D. How expensive is
答案为：C
2、— ______ do you want?
— Half a kilo, please.
A. How many apples
B. What are apples
C. How many apple
D. How much apples
答案为：A
3、— What's the problem?
— I'm afraid ______. It's a size 12 and it's too small.
A. it don't suit
B. it isn't fit
C. it doesn't fit
D. it isn't suit
答案为：C
4、— How much is the blue skirt?
— Ten dollars. ______
A. How many size do you want?
B. What size do you take?
C. How large do you want?
D. What size do you dress? 答案为：B
5、— What about the dark blue sweater?
— I like it, but it ______. You decide.
A. costs too much B .take too much
C. cost too many
D. spends too much
答案为：A
6、—Would you mind if I looked at some of your tape recorders?
— ______.
A. I'd better to see what the boss has to say about it
B. Not at all, sir. Go right ahead
C. Thank you for your coming
D. Yes, do that, sir
答案为：B
7、—Do you think the shirt really fits me?
— ______. It goes well with your tie, too.
A. Of course it does
B. Yes, it does
C. I am not sure
D. Perhaps it does
答案为：A
8、—Shall I ask the shop keeper if I can ______.
—OK. And we'd better ask Mom whether it's cheap enough.
A. take it on
B. try it on
C. wear
D. put it on
答案为：B
9、—How much did you ______ the dress?
—We ______ 210 yuan for it.
A. spend, pay for B .pay for, cost for
C. pay for, paid
D. take, pay
答案为：C
动名词练习题：
1. My father is sleeping soundly, so I try my best _____any noise.
A. not make
B. to make
C. not to make
D. to make not
答案为：C
2. — Have you finished _____your article?
— No, not yet.
A. write
B. to write
C. wrote
D. writing
答案为：D
3. Go and tell the boy _____with fire. It’s dangerous.
A. don’t play
B. not to play
C. not play
D. to play not
答案为：B
4. The player had a strong will, and he practiced _____every morning.
A. to run
B. ran
C. running
D. and ran
答案为：C
5. ―Remember not _____your little sister_____, Tom.‖ said his mother.
A. making, cry
B. to make, to cry
C. making, to cry
D. to make, cry
答案为：D
6. _____his spoken English, Marx went to Hyde Park _____to people speaking freely.
A. To improve, listened
B. Improving, to listen
C. To improve, to listen
D. Improved, to listen
答案为：C
7. They say your sister is easy_____.
A. to get along
B. to get along with
C. to get along with them
D. to get along with her
答案为：B
8. It is not safe _____at the edge of the lake.
A. you stand
B. of you to stand
C. for your standing
D. for you to stand
答案为：D
9. He often made her____, but this time he was made _____by her.
A. cry, to cry
B. cry, cry
C. to cry, cry
D. to cry, to cry
答案为：A
10. We all hate _____lies before our teachers or parents.
A. telling
B. tell
C. to tell
D. being told
答案为：C
Unit 3 Finding Yourself
参考资源：
语法部分参考资料——分词
分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词，具有形容词功能，同时又表现各种动词性特点，如时态、语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。

现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示―主动和进行‖，过去分词表示―被动和完成‖（不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成）。

分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

分词用法
1) 做表语
He was very amusing.
That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2) 作定语
上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词：
That must have been a terrifying experience.
I found him a charming person.
现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句：There are a few boys swimming in the river.
There is a car waiting outside.
3) 作状语
现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：
Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
Opening the drawer, he took out a box.
Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.
现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
Returning home, he began to do his homework.
Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
Be careful when crossing the road.
Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
Having finished her work, she went home.
4) 作宾补
现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：
例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.
I see him passing my house every day.
I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning.
She kept him working all day.
参考文献
/publish/portal0/tab449/info320657.html
百度词典
本章小结：
1、本单元学习目的
通过学习知道颜色以及血型和人的个性有些关系。

2、本单元学习要求
（1）应掌握的内容
Text A的语言点：favorite, prefer, influence, depress, cheerful, established, tragic, suicide, sharply, optimist, be born with, used to, associate with, vary from…to, find out
Text B的语言点：indication, regarding, typically, address, distinctive, corresponding, regard…as, according to, be noted for, see through…
（2）学会告别交际用语、分词、写作中引入名言、表达个人观点、动名词做主语的句型。

3、本单元学习方法
自学为主，辅以练习。

熟读课文内容，理解并记忆新语言点和交际用语（Use of English），细读并掌握相关写作技巧（Writing Skills）和语法(Grammar)部分。

4、本单元重点难点分析
重点
学会告别的交际用语。

A．Farewells:
1、It's getting late. I must be going.
2、It's five o'clock already. I must be off now.
3、Oh, God, it's late, I've got to go.
4、It's time I was going, I'm afraid.
5、I think I must go now.
6、I think I'd better leave.
7、I'm glad to have met you.
B．Responses:
1、Come again whenever you are free.
2、If you pass my home, drop in.
3、Good night, have a nice dream.
4、Can't you stay a little longer?
5、I hope we'll meet again soon.
1. It's high time for me to be off. 我该走了。

2. Do hope I'll see you again. 真希望将来能再次看到你。

3. I hope to see you again soon. 我希望很快再见到你。

4. I'll be in touch with you! 我会跟你联系的。

5. I really must say good-bye. 我真的要说再见了。

6. You don't have to run off so soon. 你不该那么早就走！
7. Catch you later / Speak to you later. 回头再聊。

8. I'm so glad to have met you. 真高兴遇到你。

9. Happy landing. 祝你一路顺风。

10. Excuse me a minute. 对不起，我离开一下。

11. I must be off. 我要走
12. I think I must be going now. 我想我得走了。

难点
学会分词做状语、定语以及补语的用法。

动词不定式要点总结
分词作状语
分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。

分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。

.当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,当所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。

完成或被动关系用过去分词。

（1）现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.。