猫胃肠道寄生虫

“Rice grains around his anus” “肛门周围的米粒”
§ 3 yr old, male castrated, domestic cat
3岁，雄性节育，家养猫 捕猎 –老鼠和兔子
§ Hunter捕猎 – mice and rabbits § “Duncan”
What is the likely parasite最可能的寄生虫是什么?
Case 1 病例1
§ 16 week, male intact, domestic kitten
16周龄，雄性未节育，家养幼猫 § Thin 消瘦 § Intermittent vomiting 间断性呕吐 § Otherwise normal 其他正常 § Mother 母亲
• Unthrifty 精神不好 • Pot belly 啤酒肚 • No deworming 没有驱虫
Case 2
黏膜苍白
网织红细胞= 178,000 rasite最可能是 寄生虫?
Case 2: Likely parasite? 病例2：最可能是寄生虫？
1. 2. 3. 4.
Toxocara Cystoisospora Trichuris Ancylostoma 弓首蛔虫 等孢子球虫 鞭虫 钩虫
粪便漂浮法 润湿涂片法 粪便细胞学 以上都是
Infectious Diarrhea 感染性腹泻
§ Minimum diagnostic plan
最小诊断计划
• Fecal flotation 粪便漂浮 – Zinc sulfate centrifugation 硫酸锌离心 – Oocysts, eggs, cysts 卵囊，卵，包囊 • Wet mount 润湿涂片法 – Trophozoites 滋养体
钩虫 Ancylostoma spp. 变形杆菌 Campylobacter spp. 隐孢子虫 Cryptosporidium spp. 贾第鞭毛虫 Giardia spp. 沙门氏菌 Salmonella spp. 犬弓首蛔虫 Toxocara canis 猫弓首蛔虫 Toxocara cati 鼠弓形虫 Toxoplasma gondii
Case 1: Most likely parasite? 病例1：最可能的寄生虫
1. 2. 3. 4.
Toxocara Uncinaria Ollulanus Giardia 弓首蛔虫 钩口线虫 沃鲁线虫 贾第鞭毛虫
Toxocara cati 猫弓首蛔虫
通过核糖体RNA的序列分析确诊的猫弓首蛔虫感染在中国的发生率
Primary GI 原发性 Secondary GI继发性
§ Infectious 感染 § Parasitic 寄生虫 § Garbage Gut
什么都吃性肠病 § Inflammatory 炎症 § Neoplasia 肿瘤 § Obstruction 梗阻
§ Renal 肾脏 § Hepatic 肝脏 § Pancreas 胰腺 § Endocrine 内分泌 § CNS 中枢神经系统 § Right heart 右心
Most likely parasite 最可能的寄生虫?
1. Taenia 带绦虫 2. Dipylidium 复孔绦虫 3. Echinococcus 棘球绦虫
“Rice granules” in hunters! 捕猎动物身上的“米粒” Taenia spp. 带绦虫
What if he had fleas 如果它们有跳蚤呢?
§ Nematodes 线虫
• Rounds 蛔虫 • Hooks 钩虫 • Whips (dogs) 鞭虫（犬） • Heartworm 心丝虫
§ Coccidians球虫
• Cystoisospora 等孢子球虫 • Cryptosporidium 隐孢子虫 • Toxoplasma 弓形虫 • Neospora 新孢子球虫 • Bacterial overgrowth 细菌增生 • Campylobacter 变形杆菌 • Clostridium 梭菌 • Helicobacter 螺旋杆菌 • Salmonella 沙门氏菌 • E. coli 大肠杆菌
Any zoonotic agent 任何人畜共患因素
0.8% 0.8% 3.8% 5.4% 2.3% 3.1% 0.0% 0.0%
14.6%
0.0% 1.0% 5.4% 2.4% 1.0% 0.0% 3.9% 0.0%
13.1%
0.0% 0.8% 3.8% 7.2% 0.8% 0.0% 32.7% 1.1%
• Giardia and Tritrichomonas 贾第和三毛滴虫
Techniques to be reviewed in the next session 下个讲座会回顾各 种诊断技术
• Rectal cytology
直肠细胞学
– Rapid stain of a thin smear 薄玻片的迅速染色 – White blood cells, organisms 白细胞，微生物 • +/- Cryptosporidium screening 隐孢子虫筛查
§ Heartworm preventatives
心丝虫预防
• Monthly administration 每个月给予 • Hookworms and roundworms 钩虫和蛔虫 – Selamectin 赛拉菌素 – Milbemycin
Easy Strategic Deworming
Feline Gastrointestinal Parasites 猫胃肠道寄生虫
Michael R. Lappin, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Colorado State University mlappin@
Common GI Infections 常见的胃肠道感染
1. Taenia 带绦虫 2. Dipylidium 复孔绦虫 3. Echinococcus 棘球绦虫
Dipylidium caninum 复孔绦虫
Echinococcosis 棘球绦虫
§Regional distribution 区域分布 §Dogs and cats 犬和猫
Ascarids 蛔虫
§ Clinical disease 临床疾病 § Visceral larva migrans 脏器的幼虫移行 § False negative fecals! 假阴性的粪便！ § Deworm puppies and kittens!
给幼犬和幼猫驱虫！
Roundworms 蛔虫 §Toxocara spp.
40.7%
Colorado dogs; Hackett and Lappin, 2002 Colorado cats; Hill et al, 2000 New York State cats, Spain et al, 2001
Why are GI parasites important? 为什么胃肠道寄生虫重要？
§ Fenbendazole
• If diarrhea
芬苯达唑
如果腹泻
• Effective for hooks, rounds, and whipworms 对钩虫，蛔虫和鞭虫有效 • Also treats Giardia 也能治疗贾第鞭毛虫
§ Many other products are effective
§ Cestodes 绦虫
• Taenia
Prevalence of enteric zoonoses in dogs and cats of the United States 美国犬猫肠道人畜共患病的流行率
Adult dogs Cats < 1yr (n = 130) (n = 263) (n =206) Adult cat
§ Pet health
宠物健康 § Human health 人类健康
• Zoonoses 人畜共患病
Enteric Zoonoses 肠道人畜共患病
§ Transmission 传染
• Direct contact with animal 直接与宠物接触 – Uncommon!! 不常见！！ – Small fecal volume 少量的粪便 – Some agents not immediately infectious 非立即传染的因素 • Contaminated vehicles 污染载体 – Most likely!! 最可能！！
§ Ollulanus tricuspis 三尖壶肛线虫
• Cats 猫 摄入呕吐物 • Ingest vomitus
§ EGGS RARELY SHED IN FECES!
虫卵罕见通过出粪便排出
§ Deworm before treating for inflammatory bowel
disease
• Zoonotic 人畜共患 • Pets only! 只感染宠物！
弓首蛔虫
§Toxascaris leonina 狮弓蛔线虫
§ 6 mo, female intact § 6月龄，雌性未绝育 § Domestic cat 家养猫 § Pale mucous membranes
• PCV = 19% • Reticulocytes = 178,000 • FeLV antigen negative • FIV antibody negative
Uncinaria or Ancylostoma 钩虫
§ Clinical disease
临床疾病
• Blood loss anemia and related findings 失血性贫血和相关发现 • Combined with fleas = severe anemia 并发跳蚤感染=严重贫血
Which of the following is a recommended component of the diarrhea workup? 下面哪一个推荐用以诊断腹泻？
1. 2. 3. 4.
Fecal float Wet mount Fecal cytology All of the above
§ Species specific strains
品种特异性菌株?
• Giardia 贾第鞭毛虫
A healthy pet without ectoparasites is of minimal danger to human health! 没有外寄生虫的健康宠物 对人类风险最小！
Vomiting or Diarrhea 呕吐或腹泻
幼虫皮肤移行 § Cutaneous larva migrans 假阴性的粪便！ § False negative fecals! § Deworm puppies and kittens! 对幼犬和幼猫驱虫！
Primary Deworming 基本驱虫
§ Pyrantel
噻嘧啶
如果正常或呕吐 不能驱除犬的鞭虫 • If normal or vomiting • Misses whipworms in dogs • Effective for hooks and rounds 对钩虫和蛔虫有效
Parasite control for indoor animals is not crazy! 室内动物的寄生虫控制并不复杂！
§ Physaloptera 泡翼线虫
• Dogs and cats
“Vomiting” worms
犬和猫
• Crickets, beetles, cockroaches, mice 蟋蟀，甲虫，蟑螂，老鼠
§ Viral病毒
§ Bacterial细菌
• Parvoviruses 细小病毒 • Distemper (dogs) 犬瘟热（犬） • Coronaviruses 冠状病毒 • FeLV • FIV
§ Flagellates 鞭毛虫
• Giardia 贾第鞭毛虫 • Tritrichomonas 三毛滴虫