英语非谓语动词在句中的用法比较

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英语非谓语动词在句中的用法比较

济宁商业技校

英语句子中,大量地采用了非谓语动词(既动词不定式、动名词和分词及其短语)充当句子成分。不同的非谓语动词可作同一句子成分,有时句子相同、相近、有时意思相反,或有差异;统一形式的非谓语动词,由于在句子中的语法作用不同,从而可确定出属于何种非谓语动词。那么,如何来区分和正确使用各种非谓语动词呢?

为了加深对非谓语动词(短语)的理解和掌握,进一步提高综合运用语言的能力。本文着重解决英语教学中的实际问题,针对各种非谓语动词句法作用的特点,注意用比较的方法,说明非谓语的动词作主语、表语、宾语(介宾)、定语、状语及复合结构的用法。

一、作主语

分词(短语)不能作主语。动名词、动词不定式及其短语都可以作主语,用法如下:

1、在表示一般抽象概念时,二者可以互换。

如:To read(or Reading)good books makes him happy.

2、以it作形式主语时,二者可以互换。

如:It won’t be any help to learn (or learning) grammar rules without doing any exercises.

3、表示一个具体的、个别的动作时,则用动词定式(短语)。如:To read this English book is very interesting.

4、动词不定式含有将来意味时,不能用动名词代替。如:we should not accept such things .To accept them was to give up our stand.(我们不能接受这样是事情。接受这样的事情就是放弃我们的立场)。

5、在“there be + no +动名词”句型中,动名词是习惯用法,不能改为不定式。如: There is no denying the fact that their products are better in quality than ours.(这点不容否认,他们的产品质量比我们的好。)

二、作表语:

1、分词作表语时,起形容词的作用,表示主语的特征。句中主语范围很广,可以是名词,也可以是动名词或动词不定式(短语)、名词性从句。如:

The film is interesting

To read a novel is interesting

Reading anovel is interesting

What he said is interesting

而动名词和动词不定式作表语时,其名词的作用,表示主语的内涵。主语和表语在概念上必须一致(相同或相似),因此,其主语一般限于表示工作、任务(如:job、work、task、duty等)精神、态度(如wish、happiness等)的抽

象名词,有时也可用名词性从句。如:

(1)His job is to repair (or repairing)ractors.

(2)our task is to catch(or catching)up with and surpass(or surpassing)the world’s advanced levels.

(3)Her wish is making (to make ) more contributions to the motherland.

(4)His greatest happiness was serving (to serve)the people heart and soul

(5)What he likes most is reading new books.

(6) What you should do now is to study hard.

2、动名词和动词不定式由于具有动词的特征,所以由及物动词构成的动名词和动词不定式可以带有自己的宾语

或状语。而分词作表语时,由于它具有形容词的作用,所以不能带有自己的宾语。但可以带有程度状语,既可用very much, quite来修饰,有时也可以用表示比较含义的more, most来修饰。如:

(1)Our production task is making machines.

(2)One way is to receive radio waves from space by means of relay satellite in orbit.

(3)The news that another oil field has been opened up is most inspiring.

3、动名词和动词不定式作表语时,用于表语表示的是

和主语一样的事情和情况,所以主语和表语相互调换位置意思也通。而分词作表语时却不能和主语换位置。如:

(1)The key question is finding a method of solving it.

Finding a method of solving it is the key question.

(2)Our goal is to realize the four modernizations by the end of this century.

To realize the four modernizations by the end of this century is our goal.

(3)The situation throughout the country is very encouraging

4、动名词和动词不定式作表语时,如果表语所指的是和主语相同的事时,动名词和动词不定式可以互换使用。如:0ur aim is studying (to study) well in the shortest possible time.

而分词却不能同动名词和动词不定式互换使用。

要注意在下列情况下,动词不定式一般不该为动名词。

(1)当作表语的不定式是表示某一具体动作,而不是一般抽象动作时。如:

His purpose is to learn 3000 English words this term.

(2)当系动词是其他词,而不是to be,后边又跟着“to be

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