人教版初三被动语态的使用

被动语态

语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子中主语与谓语的关系，语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态：句子的主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态：表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，常用介词by所构成的短语来说明动作的执行者。

1.被动语态的构成

1)被动语态的基本构成形式

主语+助动词be+过去分词

2)被动语态的时态

被动语态的时态动过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。现以make为例，将被动语态用时态表示如下：

一般现在时：am/is/are +made

现在进行时：am/is/are +being +made

现在完成时：have/has +been + made

一般过去时：was/ were +made

过去进行时：was/were +being +made

过去完成时：had been made

过去将来时：would be made

一般将来时：will be made

3)各种时态的被动语态

①一般现在时的被动语态，如

Our unit is learned each week. 每个星期学一单元。

The lights are usually turned on at 6:30. 通常六点半开灯。

You are invited to give us a talk in English. 邀请您给我们做一个英语讲座。

I am given a lot of work to do. 他们给了我大量的工作。

②一般过去时的被动语态，如

Our house was built in 1979. 我们家的房子建于1979年。

The book was written by Dickens. 这本书是狄更斯写的。

Were these computers made in the US? 这些计算机是美国制造的吗？

Was it used for keeping warm? 它被用来取暖吗？

③一般将来时的被动语态

This question will be answered by our headmaster . 这个问题将由我们的校长来回答。

This matter will be looked into in the future.这件事会被查明的

④过去将来时的被动语态，如

I knew the room would be cleaned .我知道房间将要被打扫。

He said the bridge would be built the next year. 他说那座桥第二年建。

⑤现在进行时的被动语态，如

Your bicycle is being repaired now. 你的自行车正在被修理。

The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 孩子们现在正由他的姑母看着。

The question is being discussed at the meeting.这个问题正在会上讨论，

⑥过去进行时的被动语态，如

The man was being questioned by the police. 这个人正在被警察盘问。

He was being looked after by his sister.他正由他姐姐照顾着。

⑦现在完成时的被动语态，如

My car has been repaired . 我的汽车已经修好了。

She has not been told about it yet. 还没告诉他这件事

⑧过去完成时的被动语态，如

I heard she had been sent to hospital. 我听说他已经被送进医院。

I could not go to the party because I had not been invited. 我不能去参加晚会因

为我没有被邀请。

4)带情态动词的被动语态

基本构成形式：情态动词+be+过去分词

This must be done as soon as possible. 这件事必须尽快做。

An art school may be opened next year. 明年可能开办一所艺术学校。

This should be kept as a secret .这事应当保密。

You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能会请你在会上发言。

5)有些动词短语的被动语态

有些动词短语，如“动词+介词”、”动词+副词“、”动词+名词+介词“，起作用相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。在被动语态结构中，借此或副词不可丢掉，且其位置不变。

The TV set has just been turned off. 电视机刚刚关上。

This problem has been carefully thought over.这个问题已经仔细考虑过了。

A man who is much talked about is always attractive. 这个被人讨论多的人通常

是和有吸引力的人。

6)含有两个宾语的被动语态

在通常情况下，把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语保留下来。如

She was given a warm welcome. 她受到热烈欢迎。

She was told a long story. 她听了一个很长的故事。

7)含有复合宾语的被动语态

把宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。如

The children was named Tom. 那孩子被取名叫汤姆。

He was found lying on the floor. 他被发现躺在地板上

The teacher was asked to explain the difficult sentences again .老师是被要求再解释一下这些长难句

8)被动语态还原to

如主动句宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变成被动语态后要加to

I saw him go to the church.我看见他去教堂了

He was seen to go the church.有人看见他去教堂了。

还有那些词？

注意：

1.不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen、take place、disappear等。如

这件事发生在1989年