道家思想英文简介

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The Tao is further characterized by tzu-jan, which is difficult to translate directly but is usually rendered "spontaneity" or "selfso." The self-so is unconditioned and uninfluenced; it is nothing other than itself.
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Here are three of the major Taoist concepts: TE means power. The power of a thing is its virtue, its identity, its integrity. So the te of a person is their authentic self, or genuineness. Te is expressed through humility and meekness(温顺的;顺从的gentle and quiet). WU-WEI is a concept involving relaxing the conscious mind. It seeks the denial of anything personal and the dissolution of the conscious, individual self. Wu-wei is best illustrated by water; it is supple yet strong, it flows over and fills what it encounters. It means to simply follow the way of nature. P’U is a term which literally means “unpainted wood”. P’U stresses the importance of simplicity and the need to leave things in their natural state.
Zhuangzi
• a collection of stories and imaginary conversations. • a set of practices • achieve unity with the dao and become a "true person" (zhen ren). • The Butterfly Dream庄周梦蝶
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The Tao encompasses all opposite and complementary forces, which are collectively referred to as yin and yang. As represented in the familiar Great Polarity symbol, yin and yang are interdependent and contain within themselves the seed of the other. Yin is associated with darkness, femininity, passivity and water, while yang is light, masculinity, activity and air. Yin and yang are always in perfect balance within the Tao. The goal of the Taoist, therefore, is to keep these opposites in balance within his or her own life.
Texts
• Tao Te Ching
• • considered the most influential Taoist text written by Laozi
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道可道非常道 "The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao"
名可名非常名 "The name that can be named is not the eternal name."[82]
Here are three of the major Taoist concepts: TE means power. The power of a thing is its virtue, its identity, its integrity. So the te of a person is their authentic self, or genuineness. Te is expressed through humility and meekness(温顺的;顺从的gentle and quiet). WU-WEI is a concept involving relaxing the conscious mind. It seeks the denial of anything personal and the dissolution of the conscious, individual self. Wu-wei is best illustrated by water; it is supple yet strong, it flows over and fills what it encounters. It means to simply follow the way of nature. P’U is a term which literally means “unpainted wood”. P’U stresses the importance of simplicity and the need to leave things in their natural state.
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* Not sure when he
died. [604 B.C.E. - ?]
* His name means “Old Master” *
Zhuang Zhou
* lived around the
4th century BC during the Warring States period * Master Zhuang *
This, in turn, is the ideal of the sage-ruler in the Tao Te Ching. He does not strive, he does not intervene, but acts in such a way that "everyone throughout the country says, 'It happened of its own accord' (tzu-jan)."
• in Chinese thinking, to give something a name (ming) is to assign it a place in the universe. This cannot be done with the Tao, as it pervades and encompasses all. • The Tao has no characteristics, yet it is not nothingness. In fact, it is better understood as "everythingness," as it contains within itself all potential characteristics. It encompasses both Being (yu) and Non-Being (wu). "In its mode of being Unseen, we will see its mysteries; in the mode of the Seen, we will see its boundaries."
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There is debate over how, and whether, Taoism should be categorized. Traditionally, it is divided into two categories:[citation needed] 1.Philosophical Taoism (Daojia, Chinese: 道家; pinyin: dàojiā; lit. "school or family of Dao") – The philosophy based on the texts of the Tao Te Ching (or Daodejing, Chinese: 道德經 ; pinyin: dàodéjīng) and the Zhuangzi (Chinese: 莊子 ; pinyin: zhuāngzi). These texts were linked together under the term of Daojia during the early Han Dynasty, but notably not before.[5][6] 2.Religious Taoism (Daojiao, Chinese: 道教; pinyin: dàojiào; lit. "teachings of Dao") – A family of organized religious movements sharing concepts derived from Daojia
believe?
The Three Meanings of Tao
• Tao is the way of ultimate reality. • Tao is the way of the universe: the norm, the rhythm, the driving power in all nature, the ordering principle behind all life. • Tao refers to the way of human life when it meshes with the Tao of the universe.
Ultimately, Tao is ineffable(cannot be described in words)
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The ultimate reality in Taoism is the Tao, or Way. Broadly defined, the Tao is the mysterious natural order of the universe. But paradoxically, what the sages have most often said about the Tao is that nothing can be said about it. As the Tao Te Ching puts it:
• • •he way that can be spoken of Is not the constant Way; The name that can be named Is not the constant Name. The nameless was at the beginning of heaven and earth; The named was the mother of myriad creatures. Hence always rid yourself of desires in order to observe its secrets; But always allow yourself to have desires in order to observe its manifestations. These two are the same But diverge in name as they issue forth. Being the same they are called mysteries, Mystery upon mystery -
Taoism
OK… So then what is Taoism?
Taoism is both a philosophy and a religion. Lao-tzu Henan Province.
Taoist Approaches
• Philosophical/School Taoism • Religious Taoism The end of Han Dynasty further development of School Taoism; on the basis of it.