跨文化交际Nonverbal language time& space
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Chinese English-speaking people
Chinese tolerant of crowding waiting patiently
English-speaking people cannot stand it try to avoid
Causes
Chinese Englishspeaking people
Oriental culture does not emphasize privacy.
Western View of Privacy
“A man’s home is his castle.”
Japanese View of Privacy
Shoji Screen Doors
Fusuma Sliding Doors
Western cultures think time is linear — a flow from the past to the present to the future.
monochronic (一元时间) vs. polychronic(多元时间）
M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation and promptness. P-time is less rigid and clock-bound.
Culture & Space
Japanese
German
Culture
American French Arab Latin American
Small space
Large space
Space affects human communication in many other ways.
Classroom arrangements of desk and chairs A circular arrangement Sit in rows
Elements of Nonverbal Communication
NVC
Produced by the body
(kinesics)
Combined with the setting
gestures
postures
Space (proxemics)
Time (chronemics)
silence
Cultural influence on territoriality can be best illustrated from the following two aspects:
பைடு நூலகம்
Attitudes towards crowding
Privacy
Crowding — how people feel when their personal space is limited
The sense of time
(循环的)
a. Time is cyclical
Life on earth evolved in response to the cycles of day and night and the ebb and flow of the tides.
b.
Time is linear (线性的)
Cultural styles also determine the amount of personal space.
Short Distance Latins Mediterranean Arabs MediumDistance Americans Northern Europeans Long Distance Japanese Mediterranean Europeans
Jews
Latins Orientals
Touching times recorded in an hour
London
Florida
Paris
Puerto Rico
London
Florida
Paris
Puerto Rico
0
2
10
180
Would you talk to strangers in a crowded elevator?
One of my worst episodes was going to a post office and being very angry at the people around me because I perceived them as not knowing how to properly behave in a public place: they did not form in a waiting line but seemed to be packed in front of the teller, and they were also very close to each other without respecting the personal space that I had been accustomed to while living in the United States.
Architecture & Space
“Good fences make good neighbors. ” “远亲不如近邻，近邻不如对门。” “大门不出、二门不迈” Architectural design influences how privacy is achieved as well as how social contact is made in public places.
I. Space
Space talks. -- Edward Hall When you invade my space, I will… feel troubled get defensive become aggressive retaliate
Proxemics
the study of personal space for the purpose of communication (近体
What’s your opinion about crowding? Would you like to stay alone?
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMT YwODYxMDI0.html
Territoriality
the pattern behavior associated with the defense of a territory (领地性) The way people perceive territoriality is strongly influenced by culture.
paradox
in Finland &Denmark..
in sauna桑拿
Religious values may affect spatial arrangements.
The Navajo always build their hogan facing east, in order to face the rising sun. Islamic people believe that the main entrance of important buildings should face in the direction of Mecca. In China…
Different Housing Styles
Touch Culture vs. Non-touch Culture
Touch culture
Arabs Southern and Western Europeans
Non-touch culture
Americans Northern Europeans
Case study
The first time I came to the United States I stayed for over two years without returning home. My first trip home was really hard because I had forgotten a lot of my native language and I spent most of my time translating everything in my head first before I could express it in proper French. I also had a lot of problems readapting to French society and the way of doing things.
学,空间关系学)
Intimate s Personal s Social spac Public spac
the study of set measurable distances between people as they interact
“Body Bubbles”
Zones of Space
Chronemics
Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.
The
sense of time Two ways to study the concept of time (1) monochronic vs. polychronic (2) perceptions of past, present and future
Where to sit?
Choose the seat and describe why
Space influences human communication through territoriality. Good German neighbors are quiet, do not intrude, keep the sideway clean, and tend the flowers nicely Good Chinese neighbors …
Intimate distance 0-45 centimeters Personal distance 45-80 centimeters Social distance 1.3-3 meters Public distance farther than 2 or 3 meters
Northern American Zones of Space
facial expressions
eye contact
touch
paralanguage
Nonverbal Communication (II) — SPACE & TIME
In today’s class, we will…
appreciate how attitude toward use of space and time convey nonverbal messages in ICC
Tatami Floors
II. Time
Time talks When you have made an appointment with your friend, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? When you have made an appointment with your teacher, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? If you are a boss of a company, when the scheduled time for meeting is 10 a.m. when will you arrive?
Population Density Concept of Body Territory
a sense of a sense of “togetherness” “apartness” body itself body + territory around the body
Privacy
Westerners have a strong sense of privacy.
Chinese tolerant of crowding waiting patiently
English-speaking people cannot stand it try to avoid
Causes
Chinese Englishspeaking people
Oriental culture does not emphasize privacy.
Western View of Privacy
“A man’s home is his castle.”
Japanese View of Privacy
Shoji Screen Doors
Fusuma Sliding Doors
Western cultures think time is linear — a flow from the past to the present to the future.
monochronic (一元时间) vs. polychronic(多元时间）
M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation and promptness. P-time is less rigid and clock-bound.
Culture & Space
Japanese
German
Culture
American French Arab Latin American
Small space
Large space
Space affects human communication in many other ways.
Classroom arrangements of desk and chairs A circular arrangement Sit in rows
Elements of Nonverbal Communication
NVC
Produced by the body
(kinesics)
Combined with the setting
gestures
postures
Space (proxemics)
Time (chronemics)
silence
Cultural influence on territoriality can be best illustrated from the following two aspects:
பைடு நூலகம்
Attitudes towards crowding
Privacy
Crowding — how people feel when their personal space is limited
The sense of time
(循环的)
a. Time is cyclical
Life on earth evolved in response to the cycles of day and night and the ebb and flow of the tides.
b.
Time is linear (线性的)
Cultural styles also determine the amount of personal space.
Short Distance Latins Mediterranean Arabs MediumDistance Americans Northern Europeans Long Distance Japanese Mediterranean Europeans
Jews
Latins Orientals
Touching times recorded in an hour
London
Florida
Paris
Puerto Rico
London
Florida
Paris
Puerto Rico
0
2
10
180
Would you talk to strangers in a crowded elevator?
One of my worst episodes was going to a post office and being very angry at the people around me because I perceived them as not knowing how to properly behave in a public place: they did not form in a waiting line but seemed to be packed in front of the teller, and they were also very close to each other without respecting the personal space that I had been accustomed to while living in the United States.
Architecture & Space
“Good fences make good neighbors. ” “远亲不如近邻，近邻不如对门。” “大门不出、二门不迈” Architectural design influences how privacy is achieved as well as how social contact is made in public places.
I. Space
Space talks. -- Edward Hall When you invade my space, I will… feel troubled get defensive become aggressive retaliate
Proxemics
the study of personal space for the purpose of communication (近体
What’s your opinion about crowding? Would you like to stay alone?
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMT YwODYxMDI0.html
Territoriality
the pattern behavior associated with the defense of a territory (领地性) The way people perceive territoriality is strongly influenced by culture.
paradox
in Finland &Denmark..
in sauna桑拿
Religious values may affect spatial arrangements.
The Navajo always build their hogan facing east, in order to face the rising sun. Islamic people believe that the main entrance of important buildings should face in the direction of Mecca. In China…
Different Housing Styles
Touch Culture vs. Non-touch Culture
Touch culture
Arabs Southern and Western Europeans
Non-touch culture
Americans Northern Europeans
Case study
The first time I came to the United States I stayed for over two years without returning home. My first trip home was really hard because I had forgotten a lot of my native language and I spent most of my time translating everything in my head first before I could express it in proper French. I also had a lot of problems readapting to French society and the way of doing things.
学,空间关系学)
Intimate s Personal s Social spac Public spac
the study of set measurable distances between people as they interact
“Body Bubbles”
Zones of Space
Chronemics
Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.
The
sense of time Two ways to study the concept of time (1) monochronic vs. polychronic (2) perceptions of past, present and future
Where to sit?
Choose the seat and describe why
Space influences human communication through territoriality. Good German neighbors are quiet, do not intrude, keep the sideway clean, and tend the flowers nicely Good Chinese neighbors …
Intimate distance 0-45 centimeters Personal distance 45-80 centimeters Social distance 1.3-3 meters Public distance farther than 2 or 3 meters
Northern American Zones of Space
facial expressions
eye contact
touch
paralanguage
Nonverbal Communication (II) — SPACE & TIME
In today’s class, we will…
appreciate how attitude toward use of space and time convey nonverbal messages in ICC
Tatami Floors
II. Time
Time talks When you have made an appointment with your friend, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? When you have made an appointment with your teacher, say 10 a.m., when will you arrive? If you are a boss of a company, when the scheduled time for meeting is 10 a.m. when will you arrive?
Population Density Concept of Body Territory
a sense of a sense of “togetherness” “apartness” body itself body + territory around the body
Privacy
Westerners have a strong sense of privacy.