浅析卢梭哲学的自然主义人性论思想

学科代码：0101 贵州师范大学求是学院（本科）

毕业论文

浅析卢梭的自然主义人性论思想

系别：教育历政系

专业：思想政治教育

年级： 2010 级

学生姓名：张洪

指导教师：杨芳（教授）

目录

一、卢梭自然主义人性论思想的产生………………………………

（一）十八世纪法国的社会现状………………………………

（二）卢梭对前人思想的继承和发展…………………………

二、以“性善论”为基础的自然主义人性观………………………

（一）人人秉赋善良的天性……………………………………

（二）良心的价值高于理性……………………………………

三、以人为本的自然主义教育观……………………………………

（一）培养“自然人”的教育目的……………………………

（二）适应“儿童天性”的教育方法…………………………

1、教育要适应儿童的个性发展………………………

2、教育要遵循儿童的年龄特征………………………

（三）“回归自然”的教育理念………………………………

四、简评卢梭的自然主义人性论思想………………………………

（一）卢梭自然主义人性论思想的积极意义…………………

（二）卢梭自然主义人性论思想的局限性……………………

浅析卢梭的自然主义人性论思想

摘要：自古以来，人性论一向是中外哲学家们探讨和争论的话题，无论是性

善论者抑或是性恶论者，他们都从自己的立场对人性论作出了表达和研究。十八世纪法国著名的启蒙思想家、哲学家和教育家卢梭也对人性论作了深刻研究，且取得了巨大的成果，那就是他的自然主义人性论思想。作为一名性善论者，卢梭的自然主义人性论思想与当时教会的宿罪论是相对立的。教会认为，人是有原罪的，人性是本恶的，在教育上把儿童当作生性玩梗，当然要教育诉之权威原则和高压手段。卢梭以性善论为根据和以“率性发展”为原则，便与封建教育展开激烈斗争。他反对封建教育灌输道德成训的勾当，要求养成善良习行和培养道德觉悟。卢梭作为西方教育发展史上人性论代表和自然教育理论的代表,他的关于自然、自然人及自然教育的论述，阐明了一个深刻的道理:儿童的身心发展有其自然规律，教育应当顺应儿童的天性，遵循和尊重这些规律而不能与其对抗。本文主要从卢梭的自然主义人性论思想和以自然主义人性论为基础的自然主义教育思想等方面入手，对卢梭的自然主义人性论思想的产生和内涵进行了研究，同时也对他的自然主义教育思想作了分析，并对其积极意义和局限性分别作了阐述。

abstract：Since the ancient times, the theory of human nature has always been a Chinese and foreign philosophers to discuss and debate topics, whether sexual theorists of good or evil, they are all from his position made expression and the research on the theory of human nature. Famous 18th century French enlightenment thinker, philosopher and educator of Rousseau also made a deep study on the theory of human nature, and made great achievements, that is the natural human nature thought he. As a sex good, Rousseau's naturalistic theory of human nature thought and theory of the church of the lodge sin is opposite. The church believes that people have original sin, human nature is basically evil, on the education the children as naturally play terrier, will, of course, education v. the authority principle and methods of high pressure. Based on theory of Rousseau to goodness and to the principle of "sink" approach with the feudal education a fierce struggle. He opposed the feudal education to instill morals into training business, requirements to develop a kind and cultivate moral consciousness. Rousseau and natural as a representative of the western theory of human nature education history education theory, his about nature, the natural person and the nature of education, this paper illustrates a profound truth: children's physical and mental development has its nature, education should conform to the nature of children, and respect the rules and not to fight. This article mainly from Rousseau's naturalistic theory of human nature thought and based on the natural human nature of the naturalistic education thought and other aspects, Rousseau's naturalism and connotation of humanistic thought are studied, at the same time also to his naturalistic education thought were analyzed, and its positive significance and limitations respectively in this paper.

关键词：卢梭；自然主义；教育；人性观