英语语法讲解省略及替代
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⑤—You haven't lost the ticket, have you? — _____. I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment. 江苏卷) (2004江苏卷) 江苏卷 A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
注意: 注意:如果承前省略的不定式内容 或助动词have时,不定式符号 有be或助动词 或助动词 时 to后要保留 或have。如: 后要保留be或 后要保留 。 1. —Are you a farmer? —No, but I used to be. 2. Alice is not what she used to be . 3. He didn’t come, but he ought to have.
③I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city.(2005江苏卷) ( 江苏卷) 江苏卷 A. ones B. one C. that D. those ④We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had.(NMET2004) A. it B. one C. himself D. another
[原题再现 原题再现] 原题再现 ①—Have you been to New Zealand? —No, I’d like to, _____.(2005山东卷) 山东卷) ( 山东卷 A. too B. though C. yet D. either ②—Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for? —I had planned to, but I was £50 _____. 福建卷) (2005福建卷) 福建卷 A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short
一、考查不定式结构中的省略
2. 动词不定式符号 的省略 动词不定式符号to的省略 主语部分有实意动词do 的任何形式, ⑴主语部分有实意动词 的任何形式, is /was 之后是不定式作的表语解释 的 之后是不定式作的表语解释do 内容 The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button. ⑵ 作介词but/ except/ besides 的宾语,介 作介词 的宾语, 词前有实意动词do时 词前有实意动词 时 Tom has nothing to do but answer letters.
一、考查不定式结构中的省略
⑶ 当两个或多个不定式并列时后面的不 定式符号to可以省 可以省, 定式符号 可以省,但有对比关系时不 能省 It’s easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 不定式在see /watch /notice /hear /listen ⑷ 不定式在 to /look at /feel /have /make /let /observe 等 有作宾语补足语时 (5) “why do sth.?”结构中不定式不带 结构中不定式不带to 结构中不定式不带
⑤Jack is a student and studies at the No. 1 Middle School. _____. A. It is the same as Mary B. So is Mary C. So does Mary D. _______________ So it is with Mary =It is the same with Mary.
⑤— I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! — _____. (NMET2004) A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I ⑥I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _____. 江苏卷) (2004江苏卷) 江苏卷 A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else
③—Well, I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. — _____.(2005辽宁卷) 辽宁卷) ( 辽宁卷 A. So it is B. So is it C. So does it D. So it does ④If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _____, _____. A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not
省略及替代
无论在口语中还是在书面语中, 无论在口语中还是在书面语中, 有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便, 有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便, 常常将句子中的某些成分略去, 常常将句子中的某些成分略去, 这种现象称为省略。 这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高 考试题, 省略” 考试题,“省略”在单项填空中 频频出现。 频频出现。
③—Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? — _____.(1997上海卷) 上海卷) ( 上海卷 A. Yes, I’d like to go to the Grand Theatre B. I’d like to, but I have an exam tomorrow C. No, I won’t D. That’s right ④The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. (NMET1995) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
[原题再现 原题再现] 原题再现 ①—Let’s go to a movie after work, OK? — _____.(2005山东卷) 山东卷) ( 山东卷 A. Not at all. B. Why not? C. Never mind. D. What of it? ②—Father, you promised! —Well, _____. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.(2005湖北卷) 湖北卷) ( 湖北卷 A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
三、考查答语中的省略
3.疑问句中的省略回答 疑问句中的省略回答
[原题再现 原题再现] 原题再现 ①—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. —Why _____? John is sitting there doing nothing.(NMET2003) ( ) A. him B. he C. I D. me ②—What do you think made Mary so upset? — _____ her bicycle.(1997上海卷) 上海卷) ( 上海卷 A. As she lostB. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
一、考查不定式结构的省略
1. 在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中, 在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中, 为了避免重复, 为了避免重复,作宾语或补足语的不定 式再次出现时,不定式符号to后面的内 式再次出现时,不定式符号 后面的内 容常常被省略,只保留不定式符号to。 容常常被省略,只保留不定式符号 。 常用于动词refuse, would like, wish, want, 常用于动词 hope, expect, intend, plan等和形容词 等和形容词 afraid, happy, glad, willing, ready等以及 等以及be 等以及 going, need, have, used, ought等之后。 等之后。 等之后
三、考查答语中的省略
2.含有情态动词的答语中可以使用省 含有情态动词的答语中可以使用省 略回答,只保留情态动词; 略回答,只保留情态动词;情态动词 后有be或作助动词的 或作助动词的have时,保留 后有 或作助动词的 时 保留be 或have。 。
①—Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary. —She _____. I’ve already borrowed one. 湖南卷) (2005湖南卷) 湖南卷 A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ②—I don't mind telling you what I know. —You _____. I'm not asking you for it. 江苏卷) (2004江苏卷) 江苏卷 A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
⑤—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind look after my cat? —Not at all. _____. (NMET1995) A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
三、考查答语中的省略
1. 有时可用 或not作替代语,替代 有时可用so或 作替代语 作替代语, 前面已表达过的意思, 前面已表达过的意思,以避免重复 前面所说的内容。可用于动词think, 前面所说的内容。可用于动词 believe, hope, suppose, expect, guess, imagine以及 afraid, of course, 以及be 以及 certainly, perhaps, why等后面。 等后面。 等后面
③—Excuse me . Is this the right way to the Summer Palace ? —Sorry , I am not sure . But it _____ be.(2004湖北卷) 湖北卷) ( 湖北卷 A. might B. will C. must D. can
二、考查省略替代
用it, one, that替代句子中重复出现的名 替代句子中重复出现的名 代词或句子; 词、代词或句子; 引起的分句, 用so, neither/ nor引起的分句,表示前 引起的分句 面的情况也适用于后者。 面的情况也适用于后者。
[原题再现 原题再现] 原题再现 ①I prefer a flat in Inverness to _____ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mum’s.(2005天津卷) 天津卷) ( 天津卷 A. one B. that C. it D. this ②Mary never does any reading in the evening, _____.(2005全国卷Ⅲ) 全国卷Ⅲ ( 全国卷 A. so does John B. John does so C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John