常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
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常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
(I)元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则
●元音字母的发音
(一)元音字母a
1.重读开音节/ei/ paper;late;make;lake;face
2.重读闭音节/æ/ bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass
(*例外:any一些/e/ ;many许多/e/ )
3.非重读音节/ə/ 或/i/
即:/ə/ ——ago;al ong;among;above;aloud
/i/ —— comrade;village;manager;palace;private;necklace
*连续相同的辅音(字母),一般只发一个音,而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village.
4.在字母w或wh后面,发/ɔ/ was;wash;what;want;
(*例外:water水/ɔ:/ )
5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发/a:/
即:dance;France;chance ask;mask;task;basket class;grass;glass;pass;——(*例外:mass/æ/ )
fast;cast;past;last;master;father;path;bath;—— (*例外:maths/æ/ )
(二)元音字母e
1.重读开音节/i:/ me;he;she;these;evening
2.重读闭音节/e/ hen;get;set;tell;echo
3.非重读音节/i/ useless;ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;
(三)元音字母i或y
1.重读开音节/ai/ China;try;my;hi;time;guide;
2.重读闭音节/i/ sit;hit;ill;little;system;
3.非重读音节/i/ unit ;study
(四)元音字母o
1.重读开音节/əu/ no;so;go;home;photo;
2.重读闭音节/ɔ/ not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;
3.非重读音节/ə/ purpose;concern
4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前,均发/ʌ/
son;month;come;ton;(*例外:Tom/ɔ/ )
love;dove;glove;above;another
mother;brother;become;some
5.两个单词:woman/‘w u-mən/ 女人(单数);women/‘w i-min/ 女人(复数)
(五)元音字母u
1.重读开音节/ju:/ pupil;stud ent;use;cube
2.重读闭音节/ʌ/ 或/u/
即:/ʌ/ —— cut;luck;umbrella;us
/u/ —— put;full;pull
3.非重读音节/ə/ autumn ;August;support
●元音字母组合的拼读规则
(一)元音字母a的字母组合
1.ai或ay在重读音节中/ei/ rain;train;brain;pain
day;may;play;stay;lay
*ay在非重读音里/i/ 或/ei/ Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday 2.al+ 绝大多数辅音字母/ɔ:/ small;wall;call;talk;walk;chalk
或/ɔ: l/ also;always
*al后面是k时,只发/ɔ:/
al+f或m时,al发/a:/ half;calm
-al在词尾非重读/(ə)l/ medal;metal;(例外canal运河,重音在后/æl/ ) 3.-ance在重读时/a: ns/ chance;dance;France
在非重读时/ə ns/ importance;performance;ambulance
4.-ant非重读/ənt/ assistant;important;peasant
5.-ange一般/eindʒ/ change;danger;strange ;(*但orange /indʒ/ )
6.-age 一般/idʒ/ village;carriage;marriage
7.-ask一般重读时/a: sk/ ask;mask;task ;basket
8.-ass一般重读时/a: s/ class;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass/æ/ )
9.-ast一般重读时/a: st/ last;past;fast;cast
-aste一般/eist/ waste;paste;taste
10.-ath一般/a: θ/ bath;path;(*但maths/æθ/ )
或/a: ð/ father;rather;(*但gather/æð/ )
11.-au一般/ɔ:/ cause;autumn ;August;
(*但because/ɔ/ ) -augh(t)/ɔ: (t)/ caught;taught;daughter
(*例外:laugh/la:f/ )
12.-aw/ɔ:/ draw;saw;law;awful
13.a在字母w或wh后面,a发/ɔ/ was;wash;want;what;(*但water/ɔ:/ )
14.-ar重读音时/a:/ party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star
在字母w或音/w/ 后面时/ɔ:/ war;warm;warn ;towards;
*quarter 在非重读音时/-ə/ beggar;dollar;solar
15.-are一般/-εə/ hare;bare;dare;stare;rare;care;parent
16.-air一般/-εə/ chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair
17.-able 一般/eibl/ able;cable;tabl e;stable
(二)元音字母e的组合
1.-ea重读音节有四个音,分别是下列:
-ea/i:/ team;meat;lead;teach;read;mean;please;steal
-ea/e/ threat;bread;meant;read(过去式和过去分词);peasant
-ea/iə/ real;really
-ea/ei/ great;break
2.-ee/i:/ feel;week;keep;three;steel;street;sweep;see
*但是一个例外:coffee/i/
3.-eer/iə/ deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer
4.-er重读音节/ə:/ her;term;service;Germany
非重读/ə/ worker;paper;western;teacher
特殊读法/a:/ clerk
5.-ere/iə/ here;mere
-ere 或者发/εə/ there;where
6.-ear有三种音,分别是;
-ear/iə/ ear;dear;near;clear;tear (n.);beard
-ear /ə:/ early;earth;learn;heard
-ear /a:/ heart
*tear作为动词时,发/εə/
7.-ei /ei/ eight;weigh;weight
-ei /ai/ height
-ei /i:/ receive
8.-ey重读/ei/ they;hey;survey
-ey重读/i:/ key
-ey非重读/i/ monkey;donkey;valley;volleyball
*-et非重读/it/ pocket;ticket;rocket
9.-ew 一般/ju:/ new;few;knew
-ew 或者发/u:/ grew;threw
-ew还可以发/əu/ sew
10.-ege /idʒ/ college
11.-est /i s t/ biggest;modest;happiest;
12.词尾的-ed在浊音后/d/ lived;studied
-ed在清音后/t/ worked;finished
-ed在字母t或d后/id/ wanted;needed