非谓语动词todo

非谓语动词

非谓语动词是动词的形式。它在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，也

称为非限定动词。非谓语动词有不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。

动词不定式

动词不定式在句中不能作谓语，在句中不能单独做谓语，也不受主语人称

数的限制，不受谓语动词的时态变化的干扰。它具有动词的性质，有形式的变

化，也可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。也具有名词、形

容词或副词的某些特征，在句中可以做谓语之外的所有句子成分，包括主语、

表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

1. 动词不定式的构成

2. 动词不定式短语

3. 动词不定式的句法功能

4. 动词不定式的时态和语态

5．动词不定式的否定式

6．动词不定式不带to 的情况

1. 动词不定式的构成

动词不定式是通常由“to+动词原形”构成，动词不定式有的带to，有的不带to。

有一般式（to do）、进行式（to be doing）、完成式（to have done）和被动态（to be done）。所有的动词都有不定式形式。

2.动词不定式短语

动词不定式尽管是非谓语动词的一种形式，但它仍保留动词的一些特征，可

以带自己的宾语和状语，如果不定式来自连系动词，它也可以跟表语。不定式

和它的宾语、状语或表语一起构成动词不定式短语。

Our headmaster is going to Shanghai to attend a meeting.

I want to get up early tomorrow morning.

He tried to work out the problem in five minutes.

The theory proved to be correct.

3.动词不定式的句法功能

A．动词不定式做主语

动词不定式起名词作用，在句中做主语，这时谓语动词常用单数。

①直接做主语

To finish such an essay in one week is beyond his ability.

To live is to do something worthwhile.

②用it 做形式主语

动词不定式直接做主语现在已很少使用，通常是用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，尤其是当着主语的不定式结构很长的时候。

It is important to learn the right habits at an early age.

It is a risk to writhe a poem in the composition of Chinese examinations.

B．动词不定式做表语

动词不定式做表语常用来说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。

The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.

The important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it.

*作表语时，如果是 1. all+定语从句 2. 主语受only/first/one /least或形容词最高级修饰后又有定语从句修饰 3. 由what 等引导的主语从句。以上三种情况中的从句中火短语中有实意动词do时All he does is gossip about others.

The only thing I could do was do it alone.

What we must do is reduce the waste of energy.

C ．动词不定式做定语

动词不定式做定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面，通常和它所修饰

的词之间有逻辑关系。主谓关系、动宾关系、动状关系、或同位关系。

1. There are m any people to believe this nonsense.

2. He was the first person to pass the finishing line.

3. There is no more time to waste.

4. The teacher left us a lot of homework to do.

5. It is already time to start spring sowing.

6. Is it the best way to solve the problem?

7. The way how to help the pupil is being studied.

8. The place w here to go has not been announced.

9. You should not miss a ny chance t o practice your English.

10. We are sure he has the ability to deal with this problem.

D ．动词不定式做宾语

动词不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语，也可以充当个别介词的宾语。

①用动词不定式做宾语的动词很多，其中以表示决心、打算、喜恶的居多。

We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn ’t turned up.

She never fails to give her mother an email every week.

当不定式做某些需要有宾语补足语的动词的宾语时，如果按“主+及物V,+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构排列显得蹩脚，因此，改用it 代替不定式做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。We thought it better to start early.

四个希望三答应,（hope/ wish/ expect/ long /agree /promise/ undertake ）

五个想要巧安排,（intend /plan /want/ mean/ desire /arrange ）

设法学会做决定，

(manage/ learn/ decide /determine) 企图假装要选择，（attempt/ pretend/ choose ）

提供要求勿拒绝，

(offer /demand / refuse) 威胁准备不失败。(threaten /prepare /fail)