王桂珍英语语音基础课件
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英语语音lecture
王桂珍 编著 高等教育出版社
2005
Reference books
1. Cruttenden, A., Gimson’s Pronunciation of English, Edward Arnold Limited & Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001
ʌ ʌ truck, cup, suck, budge, pulse, trunk …
ʊ
ʊ foot, put, bush, full, good, look, wolf …
ɑ: æ bath, staff, brass, ask, dance, calf …
ɒ ɒ cloth, cough, broth, croபைடு நூலகம்s, long …
ɜ: ɜr nurse, hurt, lurk, burst, jerk, term …
i: i fleece, speak, leave, feel, key, people …
GB GA eɪ eɪ face, tape, cake, raid, veil, steak, day … ɑ: ɑ palm, psalm, father, bra, spa, larger … ɔ: ɔ thought, taught, sauce, jaw, broad … əʊ oʊ goat, soap, joke, home, know, so … u: u goose, loop, shoot, tomb, huge, view … aɪ aɪ price, ripe, write, arrive, try, buy … ɔɪ ɔɪ choice, avoid, noise, join, toy, royal … aʊ aʊ mouth, out, house, loud, crowd, cow … ɪə ɪə(r near, beer, sincere, fear, beard … eə eə(r square, care, fair, pear, scarce, vary … ɑ: ɑ(r start, far, bark, carve, farm, heart … ɔ: ɔ(r north, for, short, scorch, born, warm … ɔ: o(r force, four, sport, porch, borne, story … ʊə ʊə(r cure, poor, tourist, pure, plural, jury …
2005
Reference books
1. Cruttenden, A., Gimson’s Pronunciation of English, Edward Arnold Limited & Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001
ʌ ʌ truck, cup, suck, budge, pulse, trunk …
ʊ
ʊ foot, put, bush, full, good, look, wolf …
ɑ: æ bath, staff, brass, ask, dance, calf …
ɒ ɒ cloth, cough, broth, croபைடு நூலகம்s, long …
ɜ: ɜr nurse, hurt, lurk, burst, jerk, term …
i: i fleece, speak, leave, feel, key, people …
GB GA eɪ eɪ face, tape, cake, raid, veil, steak, day … ɑ: ɑ palm, psalm, father, bra, spa, larger … ɔ: ɔ thought, taught, sauce, jaw, broad … əʊ oʊ goat, soap, joke, home, know, so … u: u goose, loop, shoot, tomb, huge, view … aɪ aɪ price, ripe, write, arrive, try, buy … ɔɪ ɔɪ choice, avoid, noise, join, toy, royal … aʊ aʊ mouth, out, house, loud, crowd, cow … ɪə ɪə(r near, beer, sincere, fear, beard … eə eə(r square, care, fair, pear, scarce, vary … ɑ: ɑ(r start, far, bark, carve, farm, heart … ɔ: ɔ(r north, for, short, scorch, born, warm … ɔ: o(r force, four, sport, porch, borne, story … ʊə ʊə(r cure, poor, tourist, pure, plural, jury …
英语语音教程(王桂珍)unit3
1.Spellings of /ʃ/: 1) sh— ship wash share English initial patient nation 2) -tia-, -tie-, -tio-, —partial
3) –cia-, cie-,-cio-,—social sufficient conscious
Revision Incomplete explosion
football
black tea
factor
what time
bookcase
a red pencil
pigtail
help me good news
a big broom an old friend quite new good night at least a hard life
Please do the exercises
Spellings of /f/ and /v/
1. Spellings of /f/ 1) f, ff ---fat left stiff offer affair 2) ph ----physical photo sphere
3) gh---- laugh cough rough tough enough
3) t (in ‘tion’ and after s) — question suggestion
2. Spellings of /dʒ/: j — just joke jeep jacket g(before i, e and y) — gentle age giant gym dg(e) — ridge edge judge bridge
2.Spellings of /z/
s (between 2 vowels) — desire music design resolve s (between a vowel and a silent e) — choose these nose z, zz — zeal zoo dizzy zone x/gz/ (before a stressed syllable) —exact exam exhaust
3) –cia-, cie-,-cio-,—social sufficient conscious
Revision Incomplete explosion
football
black tea
factor
what time
bookcase
a red pencil
pigtail
help me good news
a big broom an old friend quite new good night at least a hard life
Please do the exercises
Spellings of /f/ and /v/
1. Spellings of /f/ 1) f, ff ---fat left stiff offer affair 2) ph ----physical photo sphere
3) gh---- laugh cough rough tough enough
3) t (in ‘tion’ and after s) — question suggestion
2. Spellings of /dʒ/: j — just joke jeep jacket g(before i, e and y) — gentle age giant gym dg(e) — ridge edge judge bridge
2.Spellings of /z/
s (between 2 vowels) — desire music design resolve s (between a vowel and a silent e) — choose these nose z, zz — zeal zoo dizzy zone x/gz/ (before a stressed syllable) —exact exam exhaust
实验指导一_英语语音
Find Thyself
The only problem unconsciously assumed by all Chinese philosophers to be of any importance is: How shall we enjoy life, and who can best enjoy life? No perfectionism, no straining after the unattainable, no postulating of the unknowable; but taking poor, mortal human nature as it is, how shall we organize our life so that we can work peacefully, endure nobly and live happily?
GB GA e : dance… : i: i
kit, ship, bridge, milk, myth… dress, step, neck, edge, shelf… trap, tap, back, badge, hand… lot, stop, sock, possible, quality … truck, cup, suck, budge, pulse… foot, put, bush, full, good, look… bath, staff, brass, ask,
cloth, cough, broth, cross, long … r nurse, hurt, lurk, burst… fleece, speak, leave, feel, key…
GB e : : u: a a : : :
英语语音电子教案--王桂珍_编
Better English Pronunciation for Communication
A Practical Course for Students of English
By Wang Guizhen Faculty of English Language & Culture
Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
English
West Germanic language About 325 million native speakers:
Britain, 56 million the USA, 232 million Canada, 24 million Australia & New Zealand 17 million
GB eɪ ɑ: ɔ:
əʊ
GA eɪ ɑ
u: aɪ
ɔɪ aʊ ɪə eə
ɑ: ɔ: ɔ:
ʊə
face, tape, cake, raid, veil, steak, day … palm, psalm, father, bra, spa, larger … ɔ thought, taught, sauce, jaw, broad … oʊ goat, soap, joke, home, know, so … u goose, loop, shoot, tomb, huge, view … aɪ price, ripe, write, arrive, try, buy … ɔɪ choice, avoid, noise, join, toy, royal … aʊ mouth, out, house, loud, crowd, cow … ɪə(r near, beer, sincere, fear, beard … eə(r square, care, fair, pear, scarce, vary … ɑ(r start, far, bark, carve, farm, heart … ɔ(r north, for, short, scorch, born, warm … o(r force, four, sport, porch, borne, story … ʊə(r cure, poor, tourist, pure, plural, jury …
A Practical Course for Students of English
By Wang Guizhen Faculty of English Language & Culture
Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
English
West Germanic language About 325 million native speakers:
Britain, 56 million the USA, 232 million Canada, 24 million Australia & New Zealand 17 million
GB eɪ ɑ: ɔ:
əʊ
GA eɪ ɑ
u: aɪ
ɔɪ aʊ ɪə eə
ɑ: ɔ: ɔ:
ʊə
face, tape, cake, raid, veil, steak, day … palm, psalm, father, bra, spa, larger … ɔ thought, taught, sauce, jaw, broad … oʊ goat, soap, joke, home, know, so … u goose, loop, shoot, tomb, huge, view … aɪ price, ripe, write, arrive, try, buy … ɔɪ choice, avoid, noise, join, toy, royal … aʊ mouth, out, house, loud, crowd, cow … ɪə(r near, beer, sincere, fear, beard … eə(r square, care, fair, pear, scarce, vary … ɑ(r start, far, bark, carve, farm, heart … ɔ(r north, for, short, scorch, born, warm … o(r force, four, sport, porch, borne, story … ʊə(r cure, poor, tourist, pure, plural, jury …
英语语音Unit 02 王桂珍
4
Listening Exercise – Sounds for information
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Can we have a look at your cart, please? It was raining so hard that the girl started sopping. They were talking about stabling them. He spends hours riding every day. Where are the bills? I remember putting them on the desk. Did you say the man hid the dog? Did the boys enjoy praying? I can see the new teacher likes his new glass. How will the girls clean them? They have to try it.
Unit 2 English Consonants: Stops
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
1
English Consonants
Place of articulation
Bilabial
Manner of articulation
LabioDental
Dental
Alveolar
Because we need a
7
10. a. Do you know how to staple them? b. Do you know how to stable them?
You need a stapler. You put them in the
英语语音Unit 02 王桂珍
3
Listening Exercise – 1. 2.
Sounds for information
3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
The speaker wants to have a look at the _______. A. cart B. card What was the girl doing? A. Sopping. B. Sobbing. They were talking about __________ them. A. stabling B. stapling The man must be fond of ________. A. writing B. riding The speaker was looking for the __________. A. bills B. pills What did the man do? A. He hit the dog. B. He hid the dog. The boys were _________. A. praying B. playing The new teacher likes his new ___________. A. class B. glass The girls are going to _________. A. do cleaning B. collect things What are they going to do? A. Try it. B. Dry it.
Unit 2 English Consonants: Stops
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
1
English Consonants
Place of articulation
Listening Exercise – 1. 2.
Sounds for information
3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
The speaker wants to have a look at the _______. A. cart B. card What was the girl doing? A. Sopping. B. Sobbing. They were talking about __________ them. A. stabling B. stapling The man must be fond of ________. A. writing B. riding The speaker was looking for the __________. A. bills B. pills What did the man do? A. He hit the dog. B. He hid the dog. The boys were _________. A. praying B. playing The new teacher likes his new ___________. A. class B. glass The girls are going to _________. A. do cleaning B. collect things What are they going to do? A. Try it. B. Dry it.
Unit 2 English Consonants: Stops
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
1
English Consonants
Place of articulation
英语语音第三讲-英语的话语节律演示课件
In stress-timed languages, stresses are heard as occurring at equal intervals in time (isochrony); in syllable-timed languages, the time between stresses is more variable.
6
Information about the stress-timed nature of English rhythm is included in many pronunciation textbooks and helps students understand and become aware of the general nature of English rhythm.
In stress-timed languages, unstressed syllables are shorter than stressed syllables, and vowels in unstressed syllables may be reduced.
The more of these characteristics a language has, the more stress-timed its rhythm
英语语音课程教学培训 课程
第三讲 English Rhythmic Structure & Tips for Teaching Rhythmic Structure
英语话语节律－教学实用方法
Wang Guizhen Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
王桂珍 广东外语外贸大学
Stress-timed languages have a large variety of syllable types—both open syllables (ending in vowels) and closed syllables of various types (syllables ending in consonants).
6
Information about the stress-timed nature of English rhythm is included in many pronunciation textbooks and helps students understand and become aware of the general nature of English rhythm.
In stress-timed languages, unstressed syllables are shorter than stressed syllables, and vowels in unstressed syllables may be reduced.
The more of these characteristics a language has, the more stress-timed its rhythm
英语语音课程教学培训 课程
第三讲 English Rhythmic Structure & Tips for Teaching Rhythmic Structure
英语话语节律－教学实用方法
Wang Guizhen Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
王桂珍 广东外语外贸大学
Stress-timed languages have a large variety of syllable types—both open syllables (ending in vowels) and closed syllables of various types (syllables ending in consonants).
英语语音电子教案-王桂珍_编
Why English Pronunciation?
There is a need - To improve intelligibility - To enhance listening comprehension
There is a dream -To speak like a native speaker
Assessment Class work – 50%
Exam – 50%
1. Written Exam (30%): Discrimination of phonemes and the meaning of sentences, marking of the prominence and intonation of sentences.
王桂珍 编著 高等教育出版社
2005
Reference books
1. Cruttenden, A., Gimson’s Pronunciation of English, Edward Arnold Limited & Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001
Objectives of the Course
This course is intended to help the students to improve their English pronunciation, including such elements as
1) the correct pronunciation of individual phonemes and words in English
There is a must -To become more effective in oral ent
英语语音教程(王桂珍)unit4
Drill of nazals
/m/ some dumb tim stum /n/ son done tin stun / ŋ/ sung dung ting stung alone morning
John soon moon afternoon ring thing strong sting Time and tide wait for no man.
Nasals
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/
lips (labials) upper gum ridge and tongue tip (alveolar) back of the tongue and the soft palate (like /k g/ )
tips
• They can be syllabic. • Both /m/ and /n/ can occur in initial, medial, and final position in words. • /ŋ/ never occurs in the word-initial position in English.
Lateral: /l/
Clear /l/ occurs before vowels and /j/ light million Dark /l/ only used before all other consonants and finall
field
tell
bottle
nasals and lateral are syllabic sounds
Drills on /w/ and /j/
• one work world walk weary
• you yes yield yesterday • Where there is a will, there is a way.
英语语音教程
Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001
2. Gimson, A.C., An Introduction to Pronunciation of English, London: Arhold,
1970.
3. O’Connor, J. D. Better English Pronunciation, Cambridge University Press,
spectators to solve: what has the person lost? Someone thinks
it is a watch; another thinks it is a diamond brooch; and others
will essay other guesses. After all the guesses have failed, the
GB GA
myth…
kit, ship, bridge, milk,
e
dress, step, neck, edge, shelf…
hand…
trap, tap, back, badge,
quality …
lot, stop, sock, possible,
pulse…
truck, cup, suck, budge,
o goat, soap, joke, home, know, so …
u: u goose, loop, shoot, tomb, huge …
a
a price, ripe, write, arrive, try …
choice, avoid, noise, join, toy …
a a mouth, out, house, loud, crowd …
2. Gimson, A.C., An Introduction to Pronunciation of English, London: Arhold,
1970.
3. O’Connor, J. D. Better English Pronunciation, Cambridge University Press,
spectators to solve: what has the person lost? Someone thinks
it is a watch; another thinks it is a diamond brooch; and others
will essay other guesses. After all the guesses have failed, the
GB GA
myth…
kit, ship, bridge, milk,
e
dress, step, neck, edge, shelf…
hand…
trap, tap, back, badge,
quality …
lot, stop, sock, possible,
pulse…
truck, cup, suck, budge,
o goat, soap, joke, home, know, so …
u: u goose, loop, shoot, tomb, huge …
a
a price, ripe, write, arrive, try …
choice, avoid, noise, join, toy …
a a mouth, out, house, loud, crowd …
英语语音教程(王桂珍)unit6
Please try to read:
/ɔ
rock stock what
ɔ:
raw stork walk
u
wood could pull
u: /
wooed cooled pool
want
honk
warm
horn
push
hook
group
ck come
a: /
dark
/u/
u, o, oo, ou, put wolf foot could
/ɔ:/ or, aw, ou, au, a, ore, oor,
oar, our horse jaw bought before door board
fault talk court
/ɔ/
o, a, ou, ow, au on was cough knowledge because
/a:/ ar, al, a
car calm after staff past path
/ʌ/
u, o, ou, oo, oe
sun son enough blood does
Pronunciation of oo:
k,d 之前都发短, Foot, food 恰相反, 血与水灾特殊看,(blood, flood) 屋子后面寻短见,(room) 面条太长扯不断,(noodle) 其他长音最常见．
lark calm
much
fussed
march
fast
Please do the exercises
I soon took off my shoe
And put my foot in the pool. Oh! How cool! How cool!
王桂珍英语语音基础课件.ppt
6
第二单元 元音
III. 中元音:[Central Vowels] [ɜ:] [ə] [ʌ]
三个中元音的共通特点是: 舌尖靠下齿,舌中部向硬颚抬起,但不同的 中元音舌中部抬起的高度不同,上下齿之间 的距离也不同.
西南财经大学天府学院
7
第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
爆破音(Plosive/Stops) [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
西南财经大学天府学院
5
第二单元 元音 [Vowels]
II. 后元音: [Back Vowels] [ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [ ] [u:]
五个后元音的共通特点是: 舌尖离开下齿,舌身后缩.舌后部向软颚抬起, 但不同的后元音,舌后部抬起的高度不同,口形 的大小也不同.
西南财经大学天府学院
西南财经大学天府学院
13
第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
半元音 (Semi-vowels) [j] [w] 实际上[j]就是在[i:]的基础上,将上下齿
几乎合拢而形成的音素;[w]就是在[u:]的基 础上将嘴唇收得更小更圆而形成的音素.
西南财经大学天府学院
14
第四单元 读音规则、音节等
[m]为双唇鼻辅音; [n]为舌端齿龈(硬颚)鼻辅音; [ŋ]为舌后软颚鼻辅音;
西南财经大学天府学院
12
第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
舌端硬颚摩擦音 [r] 舌边音(Lateral) [ l ] ([ ɫ]) [ l ] 出现在元音音素之前, 如:[lʌv] [ ɫ] 出现在: ①元音音素之后, 如:[tel] ②辅音音素之后,如:[æpl] ③元音音素之后,辅音音素之前;[belt]
元音——发音时声带振动，气流从肺部呼出后在通路上不受任何阻碍而发 出的响亮的音素。
英语语音教程 王桂珍 unit
'greenhouse 温室,暖房 green'house 绿色的房子
Stress Patterns
Banana (●
●)
airplanห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ (
●)
Stress in a sentence
Did you 'need a 'map? Can you 'see the 'kite in the 'sky?
Let`s count the number of syllables in the following words:
▪ 1. desks task twelfth ▪ 2. student again simple driveway ▪ 3. family consider primary
American examination impossibility creation
What is Rhythm?
Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are! Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky.
Let’s do the exercises
What is a stress?
banana : ba- NA-na prefer pre-FER
A stressed syllable:
• are long •have a pitch change •have full vowel sounds
Stress in compound words:
In general, the number of vowels in the word determines the number of syllables.
Stress Patterns
Banana (●
●)
airplanห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ (
●)
Stress in a sentence
Did you 'need a 'map? Can you 'see the 'kite in the 'sky?
Let`s count the number of syllables in the following words:
▪ 1. desks task twelfth ▪ 2. student again simple driveway ▪ 3. family consider primary
American examination impossibility creation
What is Rhythm?
Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are! Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky.
Let’s do the exercises
What is a stress?
banana : ba- NA-na prefer pre-FER
A stressed syllable:
• are long •have a pitch change •have full vowel sounds
Stress in compound words:
In general, the number of vowels in the word determines the number of syllables.
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西南财经大学天府学院 18
第四单元 读音规则、音节等
IV.音节的类型----开音节,闭音节、-r(-re)音节和字母组合 音节。 1.开音节又分两种情况----―绝对开音节”和“相对开音节”. 1)绝对开音节：以要读音的元音字母或后跟一个不发音的 “e‖结尾的音节，如:he, she, me, shy, no, go, able, table, university, blue, lie, tie, die等。
西南财经大学天府学院 16
第四单元 读音规则、音节等
III.成节音：上面说了：一般地讲，一个 单词中有几个元音音素就应有几个音节。 但英语中有4个辅音发音时比较响亮，可 以在无元音音素的情况下和它前面的辅音 构成自成音节，这4个辅音叫成节音,即[l]、 [m]、[n]和[ŋ]。
西南财经大学天府学院
西南财经大学天府学院
11
第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
鼻辅音(Nasals) [m] [n] [ŋ]
[m]为双唇鼻辅音; [n]为舌端齿龈(硬颚)鼻辅音; [ŋ]为舌后软颚鼻辅音;
西南财经大学天府学院
12
第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
舌端硬颚摩擦音 [r] 舌边音(Lateral) [ l ] ([ ɫ]) [ l ] 出现在元音音素之前, 如:[lʌv] [ ɫ] 出现在: ①元音音素之后, 如:[tel] ②辅音音素之后,如:[æpl] ③元音音素之后,辅音音素之前;[belt]
2)相对开音节：发音的元音字母后跟一个（或多个）发音 的辅音字母+不发音的元音字母“e‖构成的音节。 如：lake, cake, take, haste, strange, time, waste, mute, paste
西南财经大学天府学院 19
第四单元 读音规则、音节等
2.以元音字母+r或re结尾的音节叫-r/-re音节。 如：far, her, stir, for, fur; hare, here, hire 3.一个元音字母后跟一个或多个辅音字母构成的音节叫“闭 音节”。（元音字母前可能有也可能没有辅音字母） 如：at, edit, it, odd, up bad, desks, with, mop, mutton 4.以两个或两个以上发音的元音字母与辅音字母组合起来的 音节，叫字母组合音节。 如：head, great, receive, believe , boy, trouble, could, please, meal, greet, boil
17
第四单元 读音规则、音节等
举例如下： 1.[l] ： middle, riddle, little, sickle, table, apple, example; 2. [m]: socialism, bottom, rhythm, chasm(地球上的深渊), prism（棱柱） 3.[n]: 当成节音时，构成的词很多，[n]前面本来有中元音 [ə]，但长期以来已形成固定模式，将[ə]省略，而构成自 成音节。如：cotton, button, sudden, garden, heaven, soften 4.[ŋ] 作为成节音只用于经过“同化”的一些词。 如：reckon [rekən] →[rekŋ], I can go [aɪ k(ə)n ɡəʊ]→[aɪ kŋ ɡəʊ]
西南财经大学天府学院 13
第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
半元音 (Semi-vowels) [j] [w] 实际上[j]就是在[i:]的基础上,将上下齿 几乎合拢而形成的音素;[w]就是在[u:]的基 础上将嘴唇收得更小更圆而形成的音素.
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第四单元 读音规则、音节等
英语语音基础
教师姓名： Email: 办公室： 办公电话： 小灵通： 答疑时间： 李服保 暂无 学生宿舍5舍2-215 6355338 8733259 星期三 13：30-15：30
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1st week——第一单元 语音导论
语音的重要性：语音是语言三要素（语音、词汇、语法）中的核心，是 最根本、最首要的。没有语音就没有语言、词汇和语法也无从体现。常 言道：皮之不存毛将焉附？所以，学好英语语音对于学好英语是十分重 要的，切不可等闲视之。 语音的基本内容：英语语音包括音素（音标）、读音规则、音节、单词 重音、语句重音、连读、失去爆破、意群、气群、停顿、同化、弱化、 元音的长短、语调等基础内容。 音素是语音的最小单位，不可再分。英语中共有48个音素（现用课本归 纳为44个音素）。这48个音素又分为元音（20个）和辅音（28个）两大 类。 元音——发音时声带振动，气流从肺部呼出后在通路上不受任何阻碍而发 出的响亮的音素。
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第五单元 单词重音
Ⅱ 单词重音的规律: 1. 双音节词的读音模式 ①双音节名词的重音多在第一个音节上(/--)。 如pencil[pensl] , money[mQn], context[kCntekst], product[prCdQkt], colour[kQlE], baby[beb], sister[sstE], father[fB:E], window[wndEu] 如果第二个音节含长元音或双元音,则重音多在第 二个音节上,如:bamboo[bAmbu:], baloon[bElu:n], shampoo[FAmpu:], canteen[kAnti:n], design[dzan], parade[pEred] 但有例外的情况:如hero[hErEu], female[fi:mel], record[rekC:d], concert[kCnsEt], expert[ekspEt]
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第二单元
元音
III. 中元音:[Central Vowels] [ɜ:] [ə] [ʌ] 三个中元音的共通特点是: 舌尖靠下齿,舌中部向硬颚抬起,但不同的 中元音舌中部抬起的高度不同,上下齿之间 的距离也不同.
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第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
爆破音(Plosive/Stops) [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
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[ʃ] [ʒ]
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第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
破擦音(Affricates) [ʧ] [ʤ] [tr] [dr] [ʦ] [ʣ]
这三对辅音发音时采取先爆破后摩擦的 方式,故称为破擦音,即爆破加摩擦.
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第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
声门音(Glottal Fricative) [h] 该辅音音素与汉语拼音方案中的 h 大不 相同.英语的[h]是在声门处产生轻微的摩擦 而汉语的 h 是在咽喉处产生较强的摩擦.
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第四单元 读音规则、音节等
V.音节的划分：主要根据读音来划分音节 1.双音节词前面读长元音或双元音并重读时，中间 的辅音字母归后一个音节。如： la-bour, du-ty, China, ti-dy 2.后面重读时（无论长短，双元音），辅音字母 （或代表一个音素的字母组合）属后一个音节，如： be-lieve, re-form, pre-fer, di-vide, de-scent; 但两个 相同或不同的辅音字母（不是组合）在中间时，前 后音节各分一个。如suc-cess，com-pare, ob-tain, at-tack, at-tract
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第五单元 单词重音
Ⅰ 什么叫单词重音？任何一个双音节或多音节 单词单独念时至少有一个音节念得比其它音节要 重些，这种语音现象就叫单词重音；有些单词有 主重音、次重音或双重音。单词的主重音记录时 在重读音节的左上角打上“‖表示，次重音在左 下方打“‖，如：return [rtə:n], written [rt(ə)n], redo [ri:du:], desert [dezEt](沙漠), revolutionary [,revElu:FEnEr] (给单音节词标 注的音标不打重音符号，如： me [mi:], can [kæn] , do [du:])。
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第二单元
元音 [Vowels]
II. 后元音: [Back Vowels] [ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [ ] [u:]
五个后元音的共通特点是: 舌尖离开下齿,舌身后缩.舌后部向软颚抬起, 但不同的后元音,舌后部抬起的高度不同,口形 的大小也不同.
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[p] [b]为双唇爆破音; [t] [d] 为舌端齿龈爆破音; [k] [g]为舌后软颚爆破音;
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第三单元 辅音 [Consonants]
摩擦音(Fricatives) [f] [v] [θ] [] [s] [z]
[f] [v]为唇齿摩擦音; [θ] []为舌端齿背摩擦音; [s] [z]为舌尖齿背摩擦音; [ʃ] [ʒ]为舌端硬颚摩擦音;
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辅音——不论声带振动与否，发音时气流从肺 部呼出后在通路上要受到种种阻碍而发出的音 素；发音时声带不振动的辅音叫“清辅音”， 声带要振动的叫“浊辅音”。 音标：用以记录音素的一套符号叫音标。英语 的48个单标中有38个采用英语字母的小写形式 标记，另外10个采用与26个字母不相同的符号 标记，为避免与用字母拼写成的单词相混淆， 用以记录音素的音标一律放在[ ]或/ /内。如 red [red] 或/red/。
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第四单元 读音规则、音节个元音字母相连，但又不读一个双元音时，则分别 属于前后两个音节。如o-a-sis（绿洲），cha-os(混 乱),po-et(诗人),cre-ate(创造)，tri-an-gle(三角形) 4.元音字母之间的“x‖总是属于前一个音节。如exist,ex-er-cise,ex-ert(尽力),ex-ample 5.词尾的字母组合如：-cial,-cian,-cious,tious,-tion,-sion 总是构成一个音节，且其前一个音节总是要重读，如： so-cial, na-tion, de-ci-sion, pre-cious, cau-tious, in-i-tial, phy-si-cian(内科医生) 6.前后缀单独构成音节，如en-able, dis-appear, useless, care-ful, help-less, read-er, teach-er 7.词首词尾的单一元音字母单独成一音节，但书写时不 能单独提行，如：a-bout, a-head, a-go, man-y, sleep-y.