英美文学ppt

The Anglo-Saxon conquest
◆Tuetonic tribes from northern Europe - drove the Celts from England to Wales, Scotland and Ireland - Celtic language died out. ◆ The Anglo-Saxons were heathen ['hi:ðən] or pagan ['peiɡən] - worship Heaven (Father), Earth (Mother) and Summer (son) - evil monsters: Winter, Frost Giants, Woden and Thor (thunder) ◆AD 597, St. Augustine from Rome as a missionary to Kent (south) ◆Missionaries from Ireland began to preach Christianity in the north ◆Within a century or so the whole island was Christianized.
Old English Prose
The Venerable Bede (673? – 735) - a historian and theologist - Historia Ecclesiastic Gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastic History of the English People) - written in Latin and later translated into English
The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫之歌》
Old EngΒιβλιοθήκη Baiduish Poetry –
The first English national epic Heroic ideals of feudal kings and kingship in north Europe: strength and courage The structure: 3 parts (1) the fight against Grendal (2) Grendal‘s mother (3) the Dragon
The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫之歌》
The theme: heroic ideal of a king, the value of warrior society, fatalism, vengeance Mixing of pagan and Christian elements - God is the Creator, his will seems identical with fate - Grendel is described as a descendant of Cain who killed his brother Abel - the theme of vengeance
Part II Middle English Literature ( the Anglo-Norman Period) Historical Background - the Norman Conquest (1066) - the consequence of the Conquest ◆ politically, a feudalistic system was established in England ◆religiously, the Rome-backed Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country ◆language: 3 languages co-existence Old English( by common people) French (by kings and the Norman lords) Latin (principal tongue of church affairs; by the clergymen and scholars in universities)
English Literature
Course syllabus
Read at least the 15 books on the reading list and write at least 15 book reports Your book reports should be centered on your original commentary I‘ll check attendance every time. One absence will cost you 10 points Your final grades: book report (50%) final examination(50%)
如果一个音步中有两个音节，前者为重，后者为轻， 则这种音步叫扬抑格音步，其专业术语是（trochee, trochaic.）。重读是“扬”，轻读是“抑”，一重 一轻，故称扬抑格。与抑扬格恰好相反。 英语中也有一批其读音为一重一轻的单词，如 happy, many, holy, yonder, headlong, flaming, upper, grandeur, failing等。写扬抑格的诗，此类词 正好合适。但这类词在英语中其数量不及前面的那 些多，与英文的语言规律不十分吻合，所以扬抑格 诗不多。举两句诗例： Present │mirth has │present │laughter —— Shakespeare Shake your │chains to │earth like │dew —— Shelley
Old English Literature - Poetry
Epic a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation Epic: a long narrative poem in elevated stature presenting characters of high position in adventures forming an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure and through their development of episodes important to the history of a nation or race
Old English Literature - Poetry
Religious poetry - on Biblical themes or on saints‘ lives - a mixture of Christian and pagan ideas - Genesis A, Genesis B, Exodus, the Phoenix - function of art: teach others and enhance devotion Caedmon - the ―Father of the English Song‖ - a shy cowherd in Whitby - Christian poet
Part I Old English literature (the Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066) The Historical Background ◆ 3 conquests 1. AD 43-410 Roman conquest. - South Britain was made a Roman province. - The Celts had to pay tributes or taxes, but they still kept their own language, customs and religion. 2. Anglo-Saxon conquest (about AD 450) 3. Norman conquest (1066) - the Middle Ages
Old English Prose
Alfred the Great (849 – 899) - translated Latin and Christian classics into English - compile The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle - translated Gregory‘s Pastoral Care - free and natural way of writing for clearness and for use - interest in developing a language for abstract and critical thought
Old English Literature - Poetry
Secular poetry: songs and Beowulf - Characteristics: laments, harsh climate of north sea strongly affected the tone or mood of the poets - Artistic features of Old English Poetry ◆ structural alliteration ◆ without rhyme ◆ vivid poetic diction and parallel expressions for a single idea, esp. those of Kennings (比喻 的复合辞 a word picture) swan-road, whale-path, sea-wood, wavefloater, shield-bearer, battle-hero, spear-fighter
Metre(格律)——iamb['aɪæ mb](抑扬格) 如果一个音步中有两个音节，前者为轻，后者为 重，则这种音步叫抑扬格音步，其专业术语是 （iamb, iambic.）。轻读是“抑”，重读是 “扬”，一轻一重，故称抑扬格。 英语中有大量的单词，其发音都是一轻一重，如 adore, excite, above, around, appear, besides, attack, supply, believe, return等，所以用英语写 诗，用抑扬格就很便利。也就是说，抑扬格很符 合英语的发音规律。因此，在英文诗歌中用得最 多的便是抑扬格，百分之九十的英文诗都是用抑 扬格写成的。下面的那两句诗就是抑扬格诗。 Alone │she cuts │and binds│ the grain, And sings │a me│lancho│ly strain.
Old English Literature - Poetry Intended to be chanted with harp accompaniment, by the Anglo-Saxon bard Characteristic: bold, strong, mournful, elegiac [,eli‗dʒaiək] (挽歌的), emphasizes the sorrow and ultimate futility of life and the helplessness of humans before the power of fate Secular and religious poetry