初三英语名词梳理

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

初三英语名词梳理
一、名词的基本概念
名词是表示人、动物、地点、物品以及抽象概念的词。

例如:Jerry,teacher, dog, school, pencil, peace, honesty
二、名词的分类
名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。

可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。

如:boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名
词(由若干个体组成的集合体。

如:family,class,police)。

不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。

如:water,paper,silk,money)和
抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。

如:work,happiness,music,difficulty,
housework)
专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。

如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,
France,the United States)
注意:1.专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。

2.你的名字,以及你朋友的名字,也是专有名词。

用法详解
1.可数名词的复数变化
1)规则变化
(1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。

(2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es,如babies,flies,libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名
词直接加-s,如Marys,Henrys等。

(4) 以-o结尾的名词,大多数在词尾加-s,如bamboos,radios,photos,kilos,但也有少数加-es,如potatoes,
tomatoes,heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。

(5) -f,-fe结尾的名词,大部分将-f,-fe改成v,再加-es,如knives,halves,thieves, shelves,leaves,wives,
wolves;但也有少数直接加-s,如roofs,beliefs,safes;而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。

背记小口诀:
妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf)下保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树
叶(leaf)遮面包(loaf)。

2)不规则变化
(1) 单复数同形:sheep,fish,deer,Chinese,Japanese。

(2) 变内部元音:man -men,tooth -teeth,mouse -mice,foot -feet,goose-geese。

(3) 词尾加-en,或者-ren。

child-children ox -oxen
3)特殊的复数形式
a前面加冠词the表示全体的集体名词无复数形式,但表达复数概念。

a.family,class,team,group 等集合名词,
若指整体,看作单数形式,若指其中的成员,则看作复数形式,动词也应该有相应变化。

the police 警察the English 英国人the French 法国人the Swiss 瑞士人the people
b.表达男女职业时,职业名词用复数时,作定语的man/woman也要变复数。

a man teacher----men teachers 男老师 a woman nurse---women---nurses女护士
c.合成名词变复数时,把主体名词变为复数;没有主体名词的在词尾变化。

comrade-in-arms----- comrades-in-arms同志grown-up-----grown-ups成年人
d.有些作为不可数的物质名词、抽象名词或集体名词变复数时,意义不同。

fruit水果-----fruits各种水果paper纸----papers文件people人---peoples民族
e.只用作复数的名词,谓语动词要用复数
glasses眼镜scissors剪刀trousers裤子shoes鞋goods商品clothes衣服shorts
短裤
2.不可数名词的复数
1、常见不可数名词:advice, information, weather, news, food, bread, water, fun, work.
2、不可数名词前可以加little,a little,a bit of,some ,much,a lot of ,plenty of,a great deal
of,an amount of等表示数量。

而many,several,a few,few,a (large) number of只能修饰可数名词复数的词;
a lot of,lots of,plenty of,some,any既能修饰可数名词复数又能修饰不可数名词的词
There’s a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点水。

There isn’t much rain in spring in our city.我们这个城市春季雨水不多。

3、不可数名词没有复数形式,不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。

There is a glass of milk on the table.桌子上有一杯牛奶。

There are two glasses of milk on the table.桌子上有两杯牛奶。

注:不可数名词前若有复数的量词,谓语动词则用复数形式
★ 注意此部分与感叹句的结合考查
What fun!
What a good time we had last week!
★ 注意此部分与代词的结合考查
The weather in Wuhan is much hotter than that in Beijing.
The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.
3.名词的所有格
(1) 名词所有格一般都是在结尾加’s,如Kate’s,但以-s结尾的复数,只加“ ’ ”,如Teachers’ Day; of+名词用来表
示无生命东西的所有关系,如the problem of the Americans。

但表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词,所有格也有’s的形式,如two days’ trip。

(2) 当某物为两人共有时,名词所有格为A+ B’s。

而当某物为各人所有时为A’s+B’s。

(3) 双重属格则指:of 属格+名词所有格/名词性物主代词,如a cousin of my father's,a friend of mine。

三、专题精讲
1. In her letter, Aunt Huang told us many _____ about her visit to Egypt.
A. news
B. stories
C. information
D. truth
【解析】many只能修饰可数名词的复数,而A、C和D均为不可数名词,因此正确答案为B。

2. They bought some _____ at the supermarket yesterday. (potato) (2008中考)
【解析】potato是可数名词,some既可修饰可数名词的复数,又可修饰不可数名词,而potato 是以o结尾的特殊类型
加-es,所以应填potatoes.
3. Shanghai is one of the biggest ____ in the world. (city)
【解析】以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s,如boys, days但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es,如babies,
flies, libraries;而city属于后者,因此正确答案为cities。

4. It's over _______ from Shanghai to Nanjing.
A. three hours' drive
B. three hour's drive
C. three hours drives
D. three hours drive
【解析】三小时开车的路程,表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词,所有格也有's的形式,因此选A.
5. The boy's name is James Allen Green.So his given name is___.
A James Allen
B Allen Green
C James Green
D Mr.Green
【解析】英文的习惯与中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文则是姓在最后,其第一个名字是由父母所起的,中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可称作given name,而姓在英文中是family name.答案为A
6.Shanghai is one of the biggest___in our country.
A city
B city's
C citys
D cities
【解析】复音字母以y结尾的单词的复数形式要把y变成i再加es。

one of加名词的结构中的名词应用复数。

答案为D
7.Would you please pass me___?
A two paper
B two papers
C two pieces of paper
D two pieces of papers
【解析】paper是不可数名词,如讲一张、两张纸时,要用量词piece.
8. September10th is___Day.
A Teacher
B Teachers
C Teacher's
D Teachers'
答案D.
9.I only have___bread for lunch today.
A a bit
B a bit of
C little
D few
【解析】bread为不可数名词,D排除,句中有only修饰,little句意不通,答案为B.
10.“What would you like,Ann?”“I'd like two___.”
A glass of milk
B glasses of milk
C glass of milks
D glasses of milks
【解析】milk为不可数名词,需要用量词,答案为B.
11.There isn't___paper in the box.Will you go and get___for me?
A any,some
B any,any
C some,some
D some,any
【解析】any用于否定句与疑问句,但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到肯定答复时,问句中要用some而不要按一般语法规律用any.答案为A
12.June1st is___.
A Children's day
B children's Day
C Children's Day
D children's day
[答案]C.
13.These foreign friends are___.
A German
B Germen
C Germany
D Germans
【解析】German不是复合名词,复数为German s
14.All the students are busy,so___of them will go to the cinema.
A many
B little
C a few
D few
【解析】student是可数名词,而few用于可数名词,意为:几乎没有学生去电影院。

答案为D
15.There are three___and seven___in the picture.
A deers,sheeps
B deers,sheep
C deer,sheep D.deer,sheeps
【解析】deer与sheep均是单复同形的名词。

答案为C
16.Whose room is this?It's___.A my
B Kike's and John's
C our
D Kike and John's
【解析】因为room为单数,所以不可能是Kike的一间与John的一间,应为二者共用的一间房子。

答案为D
四.课堂检测
1.Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in_______.
A.two days’time
B.two-days time
C.two day’s time
D.two days time
2.–Are there any_______on the farm?–Yes,there are some.
A.horse
B.duck
C.chicken
D.sheep
3.This is_______bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much.
A.Anne and Jane
B.Anne’s and Jane’s
C.Anne’s and Jane
D.Anne and Jane’s
4.When we see dark_______in the sky,we know that rain may come soon.
A.stars
B.planes
C.clouds
D.things
5.–What can I do for you,sir?–I’d like two_______.
A.bottle of orange juice
B.bottle of oranges juice
C.bottles of orange juice
D.bottles of oranges juice
6.Today is September10th.It is_______Day.
A.Teachers
B.Teachers’
C.the Teachers’
D.Teacher’s
7.–Would you like something to drink,_______or coffee?
–Coffee,please.
A.fruit
B.tea
C.meat
D.bread
8.–Would you like_______?–Thank you.I’m not thirsty.
A.some bread
B.some juice
C.any bread
D.any juice
9.On_______Day the boys and girls had a good time.
A.Children
B.Children’s
C.Childrenes
D.Childrens
10.There are three_______in my family.
A.people
B.person
C.peoples
D.child
11.I have two_______in my pencil box.
A.knife
B.knifes
C.knives
D.a knife
12.–What can we call her?
–Her full name is Lucy Marion King,we can call her_______.
A.Miss Lucy
B.Miss King
C.Miss Marion
D.Miss Lucy Marion
13.–Is it an animal?–Right,it’s a_______of the cat family.
A.kind
B.number
C.member
D.piece
14.Jack is now in_______.
A.the three grade
B.Grade Third
C.Grade Three
15.It’s_______ride from my home to the factory.
A.two hours and half’s
B.two and half hours’
C.two and a half hours’
D.two hour and a half’s
16.Most students can go to college for further_______in our city.
cation
rmation
C.technology
D.science
17.The TV_______on Channel Five are about sports
A.experiences
B.performances
C.programs
D.problems
18.Yang Liwei,the first spaceman in China,is the_______of Chinese people.
A.proud
B.prides
C.proudest
D.pride
19.What’s wrong with my son’s_______?He can’t see things clearly.
A.eyes
B.ears
C.mouth
D.nose
20.There are few_____in the fridge.Let’s go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbage.
A.vegetables
B.fruit
C.meat
D.eggs
1—5.A D D C C6—10.B B B B A11—15.C B C C C16—20.A C D A A
学法总结
普通名词可数名词
名词不可数名词物质名词
专有名词抽象名词。

相关文档
最新文档