太湖金墅湾水源地浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

太湖金墅湾水源地浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系*

李钦钦1,2

　邓建才1

　胡维平

1**

　胡柳明1,2

　高　峰1,2

　朱金格

1,2

(1中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008;

2

中国科学院研究生院,北京100049)

摘　要　利用典范相关分析方法(CCA ),对太湖金墅湾水源地水体浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子之间的关系进行了研究.共鉴定浮游植物7门58属,群落组成以蓝藻㊁硅藻和绿藻为主;夏季浮游植物的种类和数量均较多,平均密度为250×104ind ㊃L -1,略高于春季(238×104ind ㊃L -1).春㊁夏2季浮游植物群落结构差异较大,春季以蓝藻为最优势门类㊁鱼腥藻为最优势类群;夏季以绿藻为最优势门类,无最优势类群,但平裂面藻和栅藻在数量上较占优势.除受季节温度影响外,春季影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子依次为铵态氮㊁总磷㊁总氮和磷酸盐,而总氮㊁铵态氮㊁磷酸盐㊁悬浮物㊁高等水生植物㊁总磷和透明度对夏季浮游植物分布的影响较大.关键词　水源地　浮游植物　环境因子　典范对应分析

文章编号　1001-9332(2010)07-1844-07　中图分类号　X171　文献标识码　A

Community structure of phytoplankton and its relationships with environmental factors in drinking water source of Jinshu Bay ,Taihu Lake.LI Qin⁃qin 1,2,DENG Jian⁃cai 1,HU Wei⁃ping 1,HU Liu⁃ming 1,2,GAO Feng 1,2,ZHU Jin⁃ge 1,2(1State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment ,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology ,Chinese Academy of Sciences ,Nanjing 210008,China ;2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ,Beijing 100049,China ).⁃Chin.J.Appl.Ecol .,2010,21(7):1844-1850.

Abstract :By using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA),this paper studied the community structure of phytoplankton and its relationships with environmental factors in the drinking water source of Jinshu Bay,Taihu Lake.A total of 7phylum and 58genera were identified,and the phy⁃toplankton community was dominated by Cyanophyta,Bacillariophyta,and Chlorophyta.The quan⁃tity of phytoplankton was slightly higher in summer (250×104ind㊃L -1)than in spring (238×104ind㊃L -1),but the community structure differed obviously between the two seasons.In spring,Cyanophyta was the dominant phylum,and Anabaena was the dominant genus;in summer,Chloro⁃phyta was the dominant phylum,with no dominant genus but abundant quantity of Merismopedia and Scenedesmus .Besides temperature,the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of phy⁃toplankton in spring were ammonium⁃nitrogen,total phosphorus,total nitrogen,and phosphate,while those in summer were total nitrogen,ammonium⁃nitrogen,phosphate,suspended solids,mac⁃rophytes,total phosphorus,and transparency.

Key words :drinking water source;phytoplankton;environmental factor;canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).

*国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07101⁃012)资助.

**通讯作者.E⁃mail:wphu@ 2010⁃01⁃21收稿,2010⁃05⁃05接受.

太湖金墅湾水源地位于贡湖湾的东南角,是苏州高新区最重要的自来水供应水源地之一,每天向白洋湾水厂和相城水厂提供原水约40×104t.取水口建成初期,水质良好,各项指标符合国家集中式饮

用水水源地Ⅱ类水要求.但近年来,受到太湖氮㊁磷营养盐持续高负荷的不利影响,加上梅梁湾漂浮藻类在夏季西南风㊁西风和西北风的作用下逐步向贡湖扩展,导致贡湖以草型为主的生态系统逐步退化,北部大面积沉水植物群落逐渐消失.区域植被退化㊁生态系统破坏㊁藻类水华面积增大以及发生频率的增加,使太湖水体受到严重污染,富营养化程度加剧.尤其是2007年5月太湖蓝藻大爆发严重干扰了

应用生态学报　2010年7月　第21卷　第7期 Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,Jul.2010,21(7):1844-1850