医护英语一级的阅读理解

Health does not just mean that one is not ill. To say what is health is difficult, because different people have different ideas about it.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines (给…下定义) health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.”（1974）. However, this definition of health has not been fully accepted. Some people do not think that for underdeveloped countries and for poor people, this definition of health is not realistic. According to this definition, many people there would not be considered healthy. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine scientifically who is or is not healthy. It is also difficult to determine when a person becomes ill.

A person’s concept (概念，观念) of health is important. For example, an adult with hypertension may feel healthy and not feel any change in functioning, if the condition of his disease is being controlled with diet, exercise, or medicine. Therefore, a patient’s concept of health is very important to the nurse. It will help the nurse to reach nursing goals.

46. When one is ill, he is not healthy and when one is not ill, he is healthy.

[A] Right. [B] Wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

47. The exact definition of health is not easy to give because of different ideas of people.

[A] Right.[B] Wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

48. According to the definition of WHO, we cannot say a person without

illness is healthy. [A] Right.[B] wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

49. The reason why some people refuse to accept this definition is that it is not realistic for the developed countries and their people.

[A] Right. [B] Wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

50. The patient’s concept of health may affect the nursing process.

[A] Right. [B] Wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

46.B 47.A 48.A 49.B 50.A

Hand washing is a powerful way to prevent the spread of disease. Experts have found that greater use of soap and water could save a million lives a year by reducing the spread of infections.

Doctors say many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand washing. These include pinworms (一种寄生虫), influenza, the common cold, hepatitis A, meningitis and infectious diarrhea. They said that programs to increase hand washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease.

Hand washing destroys bacteria from other people, animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then these people can infect other people.

The experts say that hand washing is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet. People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste, and after