美国历史文化概况(英文版)UNIT 7 Laws and Rules
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美国历史文化概况（英文版）UNIT 7 Laws and Rules
CONTENTS
Teaching Aims Text A Text B Supplementing Reading
TEACHING AIMS
After studying this unit, you are required to:
1. Have a general idea of Laws and Rules. 2. Understand the importance of Laws and Rules. 3. Master the difficult words and expressions.
Text A The law of the United States
TEXT A Notes
5. Anglo-American civilization: The Anglo-American civilization was the first new civilization since the Roman Empire. All civilizations between the last collapse of Rome in the 4th Century A.D. and the present moment were some fragment of the Roman Empire or its conquerors. … Anglo-American mechanization has even driven the Chinese from their background and into European pants and hats. In India and Burma and Buenos Aires we see the cinema, the automobile, the clock, the booklets and the rifle created by or modeled upon Anglo-American industrial might.
TEXT A Preview
美国法律层次多样，有编纂形式的，也有未成文 形式的。其中最重要的是美国宪法，它是美国联 邦政府的基础所在。普通法来自于司法的创造， 有着丰富的历史和传统的内涵，是美国法律结构 的重要组成部分。
TEXT A Reading Comprehension
Read the following sentences and decide whether they are true（T) or false（F)．
TEXT A Notes
2. common law: Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals (also called case law), rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action. A "common law system" is a legal system that gives great precedential weight to common law, on the principle that it is unfair to treat similar facts differently on different occasions.
TEXT A New Words and Expressions:
1. ratify ['ræ tifai ] v. 正式生效，批准
•The United States is the only major industrialized country that did not ratify the protocol, although it emits more greenhouse gases than any other country. •尽管美国排放的温室气体比其他国家的都多，但其到现在都没有批准 议定书，也是唯一没批准的发达国家。 2. promulgate [ 'prɔməlɡeit ] v. 颁布，发布
• An efficient patent system is essential for the promotion of innovation. •一个有效的专利系统对于促进革新是必须的。
TEXT A New Words and Expressions:
4. precedent [ pri'si:dənt ] n. 先例 •But precedent suggests that this will serve merely to increase the demand for light. •但是历史告诉我们这个应用将只会增加对光的需求。 5. enact [ i'næ kt ] v. 通过 •He would like to enact a comprehensive immigration reform. •奥巴马准备制定全面的移民改革法案。 6. contemporary [ kən'tempərəri ] adj. 同一时代的，同一时期的 •This play is the image of contemporary urban life. •这个剧本是当代城市生活的生动写照。 7. persuasive [ pə'sweisiv ] adj. 有说服力的，令人信服的 •Give a strong, persuasive and clear action plan to get the results you desire. •那么，你应该为访问者提供一个明晰有效行动计划来达到你所期望的结果。
•The school shall erect regulations to implement gender equity education, and promulgate them. •学校应订定性ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้平等教育实施规定，并公告周知。 3. innovation [ ,inəu'veiʃən ]创新，创造（新思想）
4. American courts adopted principles from British to resolve the legal
problems of the American people.
()
TEXT A Notes
1. constitution: A constitution is a set of laws that a set of people have made and agreed upon for government—often codified as a written document—that enumerates and limits the powers and functions of a political entity. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. In the case of countries and autonomous regions of federal countries the term refers specifically to a constitution defining the fundamental political principles, and establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of a government. By limiting the government's own reach, most constitutions guarantee certain rights to the people. The term constitution can be applied to any overall system of law that defines the functioning of a government, including several uncodified historical constitutions that existed before the development of modern codified constitutions.
1. The United States Constitution is the foundation of the federal
government of the United States.
()
2. All U.S. states have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. ( )
TEXT A Notes
3. federal law : Federal law is the body of law created by the federal government of a country. A federal government is formed when a group of political units, such as states or provinces join together in a federation, surrendering their individual sovereignty and many powers to the central government while retaining or reserving other limited powers. As a result, two or more levels of government exist within an established geographic territory. The body of law of the common central government is the federal law.
TEXT A Notes
4. state law: In the United States, state law is the law of each separate U.S. state, as passed by the state legislature (and signed into law by the state governor) and adjudicated by state courts. It exists in parallel, and sometimes in conflict with, United States federal law. These disputes are often resolved by the federal courts.
TEXT A New Words and Expressions:
3. U.S. law has diverged greatly from its English ancestor both in terms of substance and procedure, and has incorporated a number of civil law innovations. ( )
CONTENTS
Teaching Aims Text A Text B Supplementing Reading
TEACHING AIMS
After studying this unit, you are required to:
1. Have a general idea of Laws and Rules. 2. Understand the importance of Laws and Rules. 3. Master the difficult words and expressions.
Text A The law of the United States
TEXT A Notes
5. Anglo-American civilization: The Anglo-American civilization was the first new civilization since the Roman Empire. All civilizations between the last collapse of Rome in the 4th Century A.D. and the present moment were some fragment of the Roman Empire or its conquerors. … Anglo-American mechanization has even driven the Chinese from their background and into European pants and hats. In India and Burma and Buenos Aires we see the cinema, the automobile, the clock, the booklets and the rifle created by or modeled upon Anglo-American industrial might.
TEXT A Preview
美国法律层次多样，有编纂形式的，也有未成文 形式的。其中最重要的是美国宪法，它是美国联 邦政府的基础所在。普通法来自于司法的创造， 有着丰富的历史和传统的内涵，是美国法律结构 的重要组成部分。
TEXT A Reading Comprehension
Read the following sentences and decide whether they are true（T) or false（F)．
TEXT A Notes
2. common law: Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals (also called case law), rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action. A "common law system" is a legal system that gives great precedential weight to common law, on the principle that it is unfair to treat similar facts differently on different occasions.
TEXT A New Words and Expressions:
1. ratify ['ræ tifai ] v. 正式生效，批准
•The United States is the only major industrialized country that did not ratify the protocol, although it emits more greenhouse gases than any other country. •尽管美国排放的温室气体比其他国家的都多，但其到现在都没有批准 议定书，也是唯一没批准的发达国家。 2. promulgate [ 'prɔməlɡeit ] v. 颁布，发布
• An efficient patent system is essential for the promotion of innovation. •一个有效的专利系统对于促进革新是必须的。
TEXT A New Words and Expressions:
4. precedent [ pri'si:dənt ] n. 先例 •But precedent suggests that this will serve merely to increase the demand for light. •但是历史告诉我们这个应用将只会增加对光的需求。 5. enact [ i'næ kt ] v. 通过 •He would like to enact a comprehensive immigration reform. •奥巴马准备制定全面的移民改革法案。 6. contemporary [ kən'tempərəri ] adj. 同一时代的，同一时期的 •This play is the image of contemporary urban life. •这个剧本是当代城市生活的生动写照。 7. persuasive [ pə'sweisiv ] adj. 有说服力的，令人信服的 •Give a strong, persuasive and clear action plan to get the results you desire. •那么，你应该为访问者提供一个明晰有效行动计划来达到你所期望的结果。
•The school shall erect regulations to implement gender equity education, and promulgate them. •学校应订定性ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้平等教育实施规定，并公告周知。 3. innovation [ ,inəu'veiʃən ]创新，创造（新思想）
4. American courts adopted principles from British to resolve the legal
problems of the American people.
()
TEXT A Notes
1. constitution: A constitution is a set of laws that a set of people have made and agreed upon for government—often codified as a written document—that enumerates and limits the powers and functions of a political entity. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. In the case of countries and autonomous regions of federal countries the term refers specifically to a constitution defining the fundamental political principles, and establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of a government. By limiting the government's own reach, most constitutions guarantee certain rights to the people. The term constitution can be applied to any overall system of law that defines the functioning of a government, including several uncodified historical constitutions that existed before the development of modern codified constitutions.
1. The United States Constitution is the foundation of the federal
government of the United States.
()
2. All U.S. states have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. ( )
TEXT A Notes
3. federal law : Federal law is the body of law created by the federal government of a country. A federal government is formed when a group of political units, such as states or provinces join together in a federation, surrendering their individual sovereignty and many powers to the central government while retaining or reserving other limited powers. As a result, two or more levels of government exist within an established geographic territory. The body of law of the common central government is the federal law.
TEXT A Notes
4. state law: In the United States, state law is the law of each separate U.S. state, as passed by the state legislature (and signed into law by the state governor) and adjudicated by state courts. It exists in parallel, and sometimes in conflict with, United States federal law. These disputes are often resolved by the federal courts.
TEXT A New Words and Expressions:
3. U.S. law has diverged greatly from its English ancestor both in terms of substance and procedure, and has incorporated a number of civil law innovations. ( )