英语国家概况英国部分chaptre2Economy

UK has been a member of EU . However UK remains outside of the European Economic and Monetary Union( EMU) and opinion polls show the majority of the Britons oppose the joining of Euro.

The CAP is a form of protectionism designed to defend European producers from cheaper products outside the EU. This was once done by subsidising agricultural produce but is now achieved by the EU deterring（制止） imports from outside the EU with a system of import tariffs and simultaneously subsidising farmers through the Single Farm Payment. If surplus food is produced then the EU intervenes in the market either by subsidising export of the product at below cost price; by storing it, creating the EU 'food mountains'; selling it later; or destroying it. Such exports are generally dumped on poor countries, especially in Africa. The CAP also seeks to control production by setting quotas on how much a farmer can produce then paying them not to produce more.
II Answer the questions

1.What is the Conservative Party’s solution to the economic problems in the 1970s? Was it successful? The conservative Party denationalized most of the industries controlled by the government between 1979 and 1996 for the purpose of stimulating private competition . Meanwhile , the government is still exercising regulation over the newly privatized industries by controlling prices and keeping a close watch over their performances.
Member states (EUR: Euro currency):


Austria (since 1995-01-01) (EUR) Belgium (EUR) Bulgaria (since 2007-01-01) Cyprus (Greek part) (since 2004-05-01) (EUR: 200801-01) Czech Republic (since 2004-05-01) Denmark Estonia (since 2004-05-01) Finland (since 1995-01-01) (EUR) France (EUR) Germany (EUR) Greece (EUR) Hungary (since 2004-05-01) Ireland (EUR) Italy (EUR) Latvia (since 2004-05-01) Lithuania (since 2004-05-01) Luxembourg (EUR) Malta (since 2004-0501) (EUR: 2008-01-01) Netherlands (EUR) Poland (since 2004-05-01) Portugal (EUR) Romania (since 2007-01-01) Slovakia (since 2004-05-01) (EUR: 2009-0101) Slovenia (since 2004-05-01) (EUR) Spain (EUR) Sweden (since 1995-01-01) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Result:It has achieved some success but unemployment is still high. The government also tries to fine tune the economy by adjusting monetary and fiscal policies.
European Union

The European Union (EU) is a union of twentyseven independent states based on the European Communities and founded to enhance political, economic and social co-operation. Formerly known as European Community (EC) or European Economic Community (EEC).
Britain and EU

Britain joined EC/EEC(1993 EU) in 1973 whist the origin members of the EEC saw as their aim an increasingly united Europe. Britain was never an enthusiastic advocate of closer political union. The British government’s view was that economic freedom of movement should not be confused with political union. In 1992 the Single European Market was introduced. This enables the free passage of goods. Capital and labor between the member countries. Form 1999 a common currency Euro was set up as the legal currency in most of the 15 EU member states. It was put to circulation in 2002 in all the 15 member states except the UK , Denmark and Sweden.

Britain’s mild climate has provided the country with a favorable environment for agriculture and animal husbandry. Although the country’s land surface is small compared with other European nations, its agriculture is intense and highly productive.
Chapte. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Overview Agriculture Industry Service Major Cities
I Overview

Three branches of Economy: agriculture, industry, Service ( tertiary industries). The role the British government plays on British Economy.

Britain has a“ mixed economy ”I ．e．an economy in which there is some public ownership as well as privately owned businesses．All 0f which operate within the context of well-defined regulations and laws．During the twentieth century the government has become increasingly involved in the economy through the introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations．In 1945,as part of its policy to achieve full employment．the Labor government began to nationalize key industries such as coal，steel， and trans—port．By 1970s，under the premiership of Margaret Thatcher．beating inflation became the primary objective and the trend to sell back these key industries to the private sector began．
II Agriculture

Questions for discussion
2. How do the country’s natural conditions influence its agricultural production?
2. How do the country’s natural conditions influence its agricultural production?
CAP (Common agricultural Policies)

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is one of the most controversial European Union policies. It initially sought to increase agricultural productivity in the EU and secure availability of food supplies during the Cold War. Its aims have now changed and instead it tries to protect agriculture throughout the EU by controlling prices and levels of production and by subsidising(补助，给予津贴） the rural lifestyle in order to safeguard the countryside. Several attempts have been made to reform the CAP. However, there has been only limited success in reducing its cost. It has been a cause of controversy not only because of its huge cost as a proportion of the EU budget, but also because it is seen as an unfair way of protecting European agriculture from overseas competition when farming contributes relatively little to EU GDP.
The Historical Division of Britain’s Economic Development

a. A period of Empire (1701-1944) b. A period of Decline (1944-1989) c. A period of Europeanism (1990-present)— relationship with EU.