恋练有词背诵句子整理

Unit 1
state [n] 状态，情况
2007 年阅读Text 4
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.
尽管数据泄露没有受到法律惩罚（在美国，而不是欧洲），但可能鼓励了当前的事态发展。

statistical adj. 统计的；统计学的
2007 年阅读Text 2
Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.
像vos Savant那么高的分数再也不可能出现了，这是因为现在的计分建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上，而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100。

statement n. ( 正式的口头或书面) 陈述，声明；( 意见或观点的) 表现，表达
2012 年阅读text 2
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. 【译文】包括2007年冷却塔部分倒塌以及一处地下管道泄露等一系列事故的发生，使人们对佛蒙特州扬基核电站的安全性及Entergy 公司的管理提出了严重质疑——特别是在该公司针对其管道发布了误导性声明之后。

【析句】多重复合句中，主句为A string of accidents raised serious questions about...,including the partial collapse...and the discovery...是现在分词作定语，修饰accidents；破折号后，especially after the company made...作时间状语从句，表示强调。

overstate v. 夸张，夸大地叙述
2010年阅读Text 4
It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.
正是这些银行的想法不切实际，它们的账目上充斥着估值过高的资产。

status [n]地位
2013年阅读Text 4
However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.
句子的主干是the Justices said。

句首However 表示转折，that 引导的宾语从句作said 的直接宾语，关系代词who，修饰限定people。

但是，大法官们说，将允许亚利桑那州州警在执法时核实相关人员的合法身份。

assert v. 坚称；断言；表明
2013年阅读Text 4
The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.
主句：The Administration（主）wasin essence（状）asserting（谓）；字面含义：管理者／本质上／在宣称；理解为：政府实际上是在宣称
was asserting的宾语从句：that ... no state（主）should be allowed（谓）to do so either（主补）；字面含义：没有哪个州／被允许／也这么做；理解为：也不允许各州这么做
because引导是宾语从句中的原因状语，because（引导词）it（主，指The Administration）didn’t want to carry out（谓）Congress’s immigration wishes（宾）；字面含义：因为／它／不愿意执行／国会关于移民的愿望；理解为：由于它不想践行国会有关移民的设想publication n. 出版；发行；出版物；公布
2013 年阅读Text 3
That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. Republican [adj] ( 美国) 共和党的
2012 年阅读Text 4
In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hard-line Republican governor.
flaw n. 瑕疵；缺点
2006年阅读新题型
Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
由于科学或所谓”科学“的推动，社会正在把这种行为重新归类。

曾经被认为性格缺陷和道德败坏，现在已经被划为病态人格的范畴，与生理残疾类似。

meaningless adj. 没有意义的；不重要的
2006年阅读Text 4
But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.
但是从19世纪的某个时期开始，越来越多的艺术家开始把幸福看成是无意义的、虚伪的——最糟糕的是—无聊至极的，这种变化从华兹华斯的《水仙》到波德莱尔的《恶之花》中都可以看出。

meaningfully adv. 有意图地；有意义地；重要地
2007年阅读Text 1
And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice.
Ericsson确信，学会如何进行有意义的信息编码的最佳途径是一个被称为“刻意练习”的过程。

live [adj] 现场演出的
2011年阅读Text 1
These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher inartistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed”at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.
【分析】并列句。

由分号连接的两个并列句。

第一个分句的主干为 These recordings are cheap，available...andvery often much higher in..., and 连接的三个形容词成分作并列的表语，第三个表语中又包含 muchhigher...than...比较结构。

第二个分句的主干为 they canbe "consumed"，介词短语 at choosing 作状语。

live off：依赖……生活，依赖
2006年阅读Text 2
And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
另一个就是小镇上的居民，他们大部分依靠游客的钱来维持生计，这些游客来这里并不是要看戏剧，而是来看安妮?海瑟薇的小屋（莎士比亚妻子的旧居）、莎士比亚的出生地以及其他景点的。

federal 联邦的
2013 年阅读Text 4
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.
the majority（主语）overturned（谓语）three of the four contested provisions（宾语）of Arizona’s controversial plan（定语,修饰provisions) to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law（不定式做定语,修饰plan）
译文：
外界褒贬不一的建议由州内和地方警力来执行联邦移民法的亚利桑那州四个议案,其中的三个议案被多数票否决.
mark [v] 在(商品)上贴价格(或质量等)标签
2010 年阅读Text 4
America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.
美国收购有毒资产的新计划只有在银行将资产定价在足够吸引买家的水平上才会有效。

marked adj. 显著的，明显的；有记号的
2014年翻译
There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young.
stressed-out：因心理紧张而被压垮的
2008年阅读Text 1
In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
在其中的一些研究中，当人们把压力过重的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性生殖器官）移除时，它们体内的化学反应就会变得和雄鼠一样。

Unit 2
peer [n] 同龄人
2007 年阅读Text 2
Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.
像vos Savant那么高的分数再也不可能出现了，这是因为现在的计分建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上，而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100。

issue [v] 发，发放
2006年阅读新题型
The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.
作为一个优质消费者，赌场发给他一张娱乐卡。

在赌场使用该卡时，可以获得积分换取食物和饮料，赌场可以通过这张卡来记录使用者的赌博活动。

tissue n. 组织；薄的纱织品；面巾纸
2008年阅读Text 3
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues.
20岁之后人很少继续长高，长高需要热量和营养物质——特别是蛋白质——以满足身体组织生长的需要。

disclaim v. 放弃；拒绝承认；否认；放弃权利
2008年翻译
He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.
acclaim [v]称赞
2010年阅读新题型
At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.
换言之，由买者而非卖者决定买什么。

无论如何，不管现在的消费模式还将延续多久，这种变化将最终受到越来越多国内外消费者的欢迎。

patent [n] 专利
2010 年阅读Text 2
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.
在过去的十年中，成千上万的专利权授予给了所谓的商业方法
court [n] 法院
2013 年阅读Text 4
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.
hardline adj. 强硬的
2010年阅读Text 4
In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.
decline v./n. 下降衰退减少
2013年阅读Text 3
Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List”of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
译文：在世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)的濒危物种《红色名录》上查阅智人这一词条，你将会看到：属于无危物种，因为这一物种分布非常广泛，适应性强，目前数量呈增长趋势，并且尚未出现会使其总体数量下降的重大威胁。

分析：本句表面看是and连接的两个并列句Look up Homo sapiens and you will read ，但在第二个并列句中，read后面引号内的宾语成分包含了多个句子，增加了理解上的难度。

宾语Listed as Least Concern 省略了主语Homo sapiens，后面由as引导的原因状语从句说明了Listed as Least Concern的原因，而该状语从句中包含了由and连接的两个并列句，后一个句子的主干为there are no major threats，其后的分词短语resulting in an overall population decline是threats的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句which result in an overall population decline。

outline n.轮廓;大纲;概要;略图
2008年阅读新题型
Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you.
【分析】并列句。

but连接两个转折关系的并列分句，第二个分句为祈使句。

【译文】你的写作提纲应该指引你从一个点自然过渡到下一个点，但却不束缚你的思路。

【点拨】l)conduct可作名词和动词，有“管理,指导,实施,进行,指挥,引路”等含义，句中该词为动词，意为“指导,指引”。

2)railroad作名词的情况较常见，意为“铁路;铁路公司”；句中该词为动词，意为“强迫”。

lineage [n]血统
2009年阅读Text 2
Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited
through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. 然而大多数血统检测只考虑某个单一系统，或者从父亲身上继承Y染色体，或者是只由母亲遗传的线粒体DNA。

overvalue v. 对……估价过高；过分重视
2010年阅读Text 4
It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.
正是这些银行的想法不切实际，它们的账目上充斥着估值过高的资产。

Interview [n] 面试
2004年阅读Text 2
Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单，都是按字母表顺序排列的，而当接收者费力地翻看这些东西的时候，到后面就兴趣全无了。

perspective [n]角度
2013 年阅读Text 3
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.
Fad = mad
collective [adj] 集体的；共同的
2012年阅读Text 3
But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.
economic [adj] 经济的
2009 年阅读Text 3
We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it.
我们不得不怀疑，即便政府不强制推行教育，持续的经济增长也会促进教育发展。

financial [adj]财务的
2015年阅读Text 2
A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.
considerable [adj] 相当大(或多) 的
2008年翻译
Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight.
considering [prep]考虑到；就…而论
2011年阅读Text 4
No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet
to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own”(read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.
【翻译】如果考虑一下在没有配偶依靠的情况下抚养一个孩子会有多大的工作量，这并不令人震惊；然而，听桑德拉和布兰妮说（的那口气），依靠“他们自己”抚养一个孩子，简直是小菜一碟。

【分析】本句在分号前后，是两个并列分句。

第一个分句比较简化，只有名词词组加分词短语，这实际是省略：It is no shock there, considering...
第二分句含有一个不定式，放在句首作条件状语。

1. it is much work to raise a kind：抚养一个孩子是很大的工作量。

真实主语：to raise a kind；形式主语：it
把it is much work to raise a kind变成疑问句（或感叹句）——然后，充当considering的宾语。

2. yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it：yet = but。

不定式放在句首，主要作用是充当“目的状语”，偶尔可以充当“条件状语”，本句就是“条件状语”。

yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their "own" is a piece of cake.
【翻译】要是听听桑德拉和布兰妮说（的那口气），依靠“自己”抚养一个孩子，简直是小菜一碟。

又如：
To hear you talk, I would think you were Prime Minister. 听你谈话(那口气), 我还以为你是首相呢。

Unit 3
subject [v] 使服从
2012 年完型
At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary.
be subject to：遭受；承受
2009 年阅读Text 2
In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
此外，公司用来测试血缘关系的电脑程序可能申请了专利，同行之间不能进行相互审查或外界评估。

leading adj. 卓越的；最重要的
2011 年阅读新题型
However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess.
intend v.想要；打算；企图
2012 年阅读Text 2
Either Entergy never really intended to
live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.
lead [v] 通向；带来
2013 年阅读Text 3
Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
plead [v] 请求；恳求
2012 年阅读Text 1
“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in.
“勇于不同,请不要吸烟”,一个旨在减少青少年吸烟的广告运动恳请道,因为青少年最大的愿
望就是融入群体（暗示吸烟在青少年中是一种潮流）.
sector n. ( 经济的) 部门；行业；领域
2012 年阅读Text 4
But many within the public sector suffer
under the current system, too.
account [n] 解释；说明
2010 年翻译
It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today.
account [n] 账户
2014 年阅读Text 3
Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.
take into account：考虑到；体谅
2006 年阅读Text 6
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.
Dr. Myers 和Dr. Worm认为，他们的研究给出了一个正确的（捕捞）基准线，它是未来管理层必须加以考虑的事情。

leave sth. out of account：不考虑
2009年翻译
The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.
consumption n. 消费；消耗
2011 年完型
But despite some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have manageable benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
essay n. 论文；杂文；散文；(学生就某门课程所写的) 论说文，短文
2010 年阅读Text 1
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.
matter [v] 要紧；有关系
2007 年阅读Text 2
Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
任何一个考过SAT 的人都可以证实，考试技巧也很重要，无论是知道该何时猜测以及应忽略什么问题。

fund [v] 拨款，为……提供资金
2014 年阅读Text 3
Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.
stakeholder n. 利益相关人；股东
2011 年阅读Text 3
Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.
withstand v. 经受住；承受；顶住
2008 年阅读Text 3
Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain inflicted by oversize limbs.
此外，尽管人类直立行走已达数百万年之久，但是我们的脚和背部始终在与两足站立的姿势相斗争，并且很难承受过大的四肢反复施加的压力。

function [n] 职责
2006 年翻译
His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
1. 句子结构分析
His function is analogous to that of a judge 是句子主语，其后的 who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led
him to his decision 为非限制性定语从句，用于修饰名词a judge，在该定语从句中又包含有另一定语从句which led him to his decision（修饰名词course）。

2. that 的用法
在主句His function is analogous to that of a judge中，that 为替代词，用于替代function。

类似例句如：
Is Jim’s case analogous to that of John Brown? 吉姆的案子与约翰·布朗案相似吗？
The company is in a position closely analogous to that of its main rival. 该公司与主要竞争对手的处境极为相似。

They saw the relationship between a ruler and his subjects as analogous to that of father and children. 他们认为统治者和臣民的关系可比拟成父亲和孩子的关系。

3. function 的理解
主句中的function 在此不表示“功能”，而表示“职责”。

又如：
I'm not quite sure what my function is within the company. 我拿不太准自己在公司里有什么职责。

In your new job you will perform a variety of functions. 在新的工作岗位上，你将要履行许多不同的职责。

5. revealing 的理解
定语从句中的revealing 是及物动词，它的宾语是the course of reasoning，两者之间被方式状语in as obvious a manner as possible 隔开。

reveal 的本义是“使显露，展现，显示”，在这里可理解为“告诉大家”。

6. accept 的理解
句中的accept 在此不表示“接受”，而表示“承担”。

又如：
He accepts full responsibility for what happened. 他承认对所发生的事负完全责任。

You have to accept the consequences of your actions. 你得对你的行为后果负责。

The University will not accept responsibility for items lost or stolen. 物品遗失或被窃，大学概不负责。

句子大意：他的职责与法官的职责相似，他必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能清楚明了的方式来告诉大家自己做出决定的推理过程。

evidence [n] 根据；证据；形迹，迹象
2012 年阅读Text 4
Even though there is plenty of`evidence that the quality of` the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.
【分析】多重复合句。

主句主干是teachers' unions have fought against...。

even though 引导让步状语从句，该从句中含有that 引导的同位语从句，对evidence 作进一步解释说明。

动名词短语getting rid of...good ones作against 的宾语。

【译文】虽然有充分的证据表明，教师的素质是最重要的可变因素，但是教务工会却反对开除差教师、提拔好教师。

【点拨】1）variable 作形容词时意为“可变的，易变的”，作名词时意为“变量，可变因素”。

2）promote“提拔，提升”。

perform [v] 执行；履行；演出；表演
2011 年阅读Text 1
To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.
note [v] 注意
2006 年阅读Text 1
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks.
Rodriguez指出，世界各地偏远乡村的儿童都是Arnold Schwarzenegger和Garth Brooks 这样的超级明星的粉丝，然而一些美国人担心，居住在美国境内的移民在某种程度上不受这个国家同化作用的影响。

Unit 4
agreement n. 协定；一致；同意
2008 年阅读Text 2
There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.
一种是大订单模式：机构用户通过签订网络通行协议进行支付，即可在网上阅读一批在线期刊文章的题目。

concern [n] 顾虑
2012 年阅读Text 2
Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.
例如：Certainly, there are valid concerns about thepatchwork regulations that could result if everystate sets its own rules.
that could result 可能导致的
if every states sets its own rules 如果各个州设立不同的法律
patchwork regulations 胡乱拼凑/零散的法律
There are valid concerns 担心不无道理
concerns about patchwork regulations 担心的是什么?是胡乱拼凑/零散的法律
patchwork regulations that could results if if every states sets its own rules 进一步解释胡乱拼凑/零散的法律怎么产生?这是允许各个州设立不同的法律可能产生的后果
【译文】当然，有人担心如果各州都设立自己的法规，那么就会产生胡乱拼凑的法律，这种担心不无道理。

concerned [adj] 关注的
2014 年阅读Text 1
On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidies laziness.
单词速记】concern 关心；chancellor 大臣，部长；complete 完成；reform 改革；obvious 明显的；indulgent 放纵的；demand 要求；effort 努力；subside 平息，减弱
【语法难点】
这句话的主干其实非常短：this was the socially concerned chancellor. 主干句的左边是介词短语构成的状语“on first hearing”；主干句后面是由非谓语动词trying引出的定语从句，用来修饰chancellor：(who is) trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system.定语从句到了system，又嵌入了一层定语从句that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness,用来修饰system.
【翻译赏析】
乍一听，这是位关心社会的大臣，他努力改善人们的生活，包括对一个明显放纵的体系的“改革”，这个体系不要求新失业者付出多少努力去找工作，为其懒惰埋单。

allow 允许；同意；考虑
2013 年阅读Text 1
In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. productive adj. 富有成效的；多产的；有益的；具有创造性的
2009 年阅读Text 3
Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.
只有当人类开始更高效地获取食物时，才有时间做其它的事情。

productivity n. 生产力；生产率；生产能力
2009 年阅读Text 3
As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.
随着教育的进步，人类的生产潜力也增加了。

level[n] 等级，级别
2012 年阅读Text 4
At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome.
译文：在州这一级别，他们的影响力甚至有可能更加可怕。

low-level adj. 低水平的；低级别的；次要的
2007 年阅读Text 4
Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
迄今为止，数据保护工作一直由那些临时的低层数据技术人员来承担，并且仅被视为是信息资源丰富产业所关切的一个问题，比如银行业、电信业以及航空业等，如今，数据保护则成为各行业老板议事日程中头等大事。

effort[n] 努力
2013 年阅读Text 1
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.
make efforts to 努力做
spare no efforts to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事（=try one’sbest）
curb [kɜːb]vt. 控制；勒住
Lasting ['lɑːstɪŋ]adj. 持久的；永恒的
1、句子主干：Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer
2、Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment 让步状语
including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line举例
尽管几大时装厂商都在设法减轻劳工和环境的压力，H&M甚至发起了“自觉环保”行动，不过席琳认为除非消费者们改变观念，否则还是白费力气。

inferiority n. 劣势；劣等；下等；次级；自卑情绪，自卑感
2011 年翻译
This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
主干识别: This seems a justification for neglect and a rationalization
其他成分：of those in need 定语
of exploitation 定语
of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom 定语
翻译点拨：词汇点拨：
Justification 证明….正当
Rationalization 证明…合理
Exploitation 剥削
Superiority 优越
Inferiority 劣势，弱势
成分的点拨：
这句话的翻译难点在于不能按英文的成分来翻译，需要将英文的成分转换为中文的成分。

This seems a justification for neglect of those in need.
直接按原来成分翻译为：
这似乎是对于那些有需要的人的忽视的证明。

名词转译为动词：
这种说法似乎使我们可以很正当的去忽视那些需要帮助的人
同样的方法处理后半句：
a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
去使剥削合理化，使上层人的变得更优越，而底层人变得更加弱势。

参考译文：这种说法似乎使我们可以很正当的去忽视那些需要帮助的人，去使剥削合理化，使上层人的变得更优越，而底层人变得更加弱势。

inferior adj. 低等的；劣等的；差的，次的
2011 年阅读Text 1
According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?
[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.
[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.
[C] They help improve the quality of music.
[D] They have only covered masterpieces.
professional [adj] 专业的
2007 年阅读Text 1
If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
如果你再查一下为世界杯和职业球队输送球员的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一奇怪的现象变得更加明显了。

provide [v] 提供
2011 年阅读Text 3
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.
译文：同样迅猛的技术改革为营销人员提供了更多的(以及更多样化的)通讯方式，同时也加大了风险，因为情绪激动的消费者会以更快、更明显且破坏性比以往要大得多的方式表达他们的意见。

分析：本句的主干为The same dramatic technological changes…have also increased the risk…。

第一个that引导的定语从句修饰的是先行词changes，从句中的谓语为have provided，使用了固定结构provide sb. with sth.。

第二个that引导的同位语从句修饰的是主干的宾语，说明the risk的具体内容。

该同位语从句的主语为passionate consumers，谓语为will voice，宾语为their opinions，而in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways在该从句中充当方式状语。

professionalize v. 使……职业化；使……
专业化
2011 年阅读新题型
Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalized the professor.
professionalism n. 职业化；专业化
2011 年阅读新题型
Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969, a third of American professors did not possess one.
专业化使得博士学位成为成功学术生涯的先决条件
provider n. 提供者；供应商
2011 年阅读Text 3
This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.
词汇：1.infancy 初期
2.effectively 实际上
3. begin with 开始于
4.retailer 零售商
5.provider 提供商
6.such as 像
7.airline 航空公司
8.hotel 酒店
9.no doubt 无疑地
10.further 更远地
主干：This trend effectively（状）began with （谓1）retailers and travel providers （宾）and （并列谓语）will go further（谓2）
定语从句：which we believe状（插入语）is still in its infancy补（介词短语）its回指This trend
同位语：such as airlines and hotels
状语：no doubt
参考译文：这种趋势实际上（effectively ）开始于零售商和像（such as）航空、酒店这样的旅游服务提供商，我们相信这种趋势仍处于初始阶段。

但是，这种趋势无疑会走得更远。