微观经济学中文教案

《微观经济学》授课中文文档

第一次课程简介

一什么是经济学？

先看几个例子。

1 你上西华大学的成本是什么？请回答。

2 菜市场早上的新鲜豌豆苗10元钱一公斤也就是5元一斤，但同样的豆荚到了下午五点就只要1元钱也能卖出去？为什么？从这里你能得到什么启发？

3 教育能改变一个人的命运吗？能改变一个国家的命运吗？（the former USSR, Japan, Israel）这能说明什么？

4 你家里是如何分工的？对你家里的分工你注意到了什么？

5 你在这里上课，上午有两个老师先后讲课；你中午在食堂吃饭看见很多食堂师傅。这些师傅加工的饮食是来自不同的农民不同的农产品：有的农民生产大米，有的农民生产蔬菜，有的农民饲养生猪。你能想象没有分工，社会会是什么样态吗？

关键词：稀缺，配置，效率，市场。

请阅读一段英文：

THE greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour, and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and judgment with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of labour.

The effects of the division of labour, in the general business of society, will be more easily understood by considering in what manner it operates in some particular manufactures. It is commonly supposed to be carried furthest in some very trifling ones; not perhaps that it really is carried further in them than in others of more importance: but in those trifling manufactures which are destined to supply the small wants of but a small number of people, the whole number of workmen must necessarily be small; and those employed in every different branch of the work can often be collected into the same workhouse, and placed at once under the view of the spectator. In those great manufactures, on the contrary, which are destined to supply the great wants of the great body of the people, every different branch of the work employs so great a number of workmen that it is impossible to collect them all into the same workhouse. We can seldom see more, at one time, than those employed in one single branch. Though in such manufactures, therefore, the work may really be divided into a much greater number of parts than in those of a more trifling nature, the division is not near so obvious, and has accordingly been much less observed.

经济学是研究稀缺资源配置和利用的科学。

资源的稀缺性-------资源的最佳配置和资源

的最佳利用

二基本原则

无论何种经济学，无论何种理论，都大体承认的基本原则。

Then, how do individuals make decisions?

1 people face trade-offs.

2 The cost of something is what you give up to get it.

3 Rational people think at the margin.

4 people respond to incentives.

How people interact with each other.

5 Trade can make everyone better off.

6 Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity.

7 Governments can sometimes improve market outcomes.

How the economy works as a whole.

8 A CO UNTRY’S STANDARD OF LIVING DEPENDS ON ITS ABILITY TO PRODUCE GOODS AND SERVICES

9 Price rises when the government prints too much money.

10 Soeicty faces short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.