高考英语语法专题——专题12冠词
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1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ,65)As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
答案:a as a result是固定搭配,意为“结果”,强调某种原因产生的结果。
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ,64)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.
答案:the 此处特指“顶部”,故用定冠词the。
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,62)Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.
答案:a 句意:相反,她在纽约做模特每天收入6,500英镑。model是可数名词,在此表示泛指,且读音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
答案:a for a while “一会儿”,固定搭配。
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ,短文改错)In that case, we will learn little about ________ world.
答案:the 句意:那样的话,我们将会对这个世界了解甚少。world属于表示世上独一无二的事物的名词,其前应用定冠词。
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ,阅读A)In 1931, Addams became ________
first American woman to win theNobel Peace Prize.
答案:the 序数词前面加定冠词the。
7.(2016·浙江高考,2)________ prize for the winner of the competition is ________ twoweek holiday in Paris.
答案:The; a 句意:这次比赛的获胜者奖是去巴黎为期两周的休假。第一空,“比赛的获胜者奖”为特指,故应用定冠词the;第二空,泛指“一次两周的休假”,故应用定冠词a。
8.(2016·北京高考,完形)It was ________ cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
答案:a 句意:这是阿拉斯加北部1925年一个十分寒冷的一月份。这个小镇因一场大雪而与外界隔绝。表示星期、月份的名词前一般不用冠词,但如果其前面有形容词修饰时则需用不定冠词,泛指某个星期几或某月份。
9.(2015·重庆高考,3)I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.
答案:the; a 句意:我刚刚听说Dora工作的银行被一个持枪蒙面歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指,表示“Dora 工作的那家银行”;第二空为泛指,表示“一个持枪蒙面歹徒”。
10.(2015·江苏高考,33)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's ________ wet blanket.
答案:a 句意:——你为什么不邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会?
——唉,你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人。固定搭配a wet blanket 意为“令人扫兴的人或物,煞风景者”,不定冠词表示泛指。
一、不定冠词的用法
1.泛指同类人或物中的任何一个,相当于any。
A horse has four legs.
2.泛指同类中的某一个人或某物。
Her father is an English teacher.
I need an iPhone.
3.泛指不确定的某一个,相当于a certain。
A Mr Lee is waiting for you at the school gate.
4.表示“一”或“每一”,相当于one或者every。
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
They have 13 classes a week.
5.用在意义具体化的抽象名词和物质名词之前。
What you do with it will make you a success or failure.
If you can give her a surprise every time you meet her, it will be a plus for you.
6.表示独一无二的名词前有形容词修饰时,其前需用不定冠词。
a rising sun 一轮冉冉升起的太阳
a full moon 一轮满月
a peaceful world 一个和平的世界
7.表示季节、星期、三餐名称的名词前有形容词修饰时,其前需
用不定冠词。
a cold winter 一个寒冷的冬季
a rainy Monday 一个阴雨绵绵的星期一
a delicious supper 一顿美味晚餐
8.用在序数词前表示“再一”,“又一”。
She thanked him a second time.
注意:下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。
He is a top student in our class, and he often gets a first in maths.
9.用于某些固定词组中
二、定冠词的用法
1.表示类别
(1)用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物。
The horse is a useful animal.
(2)用在一些形容词前表示一类人或事物。
the poor 穷人, the rich 富人, the old 老年人, the young 年轻人, the new 新手, the sick 病人, the dead 死人, the deaf 聋子, the blind 盲人, the wound 伤者, the weak 弱者, the strong 强者, the good 好人;善良, the true 真理, the right 正义
(3)用在有些关于国家和民族的形容词前,泛指这个国家和民族