英语不能用被动语态的若干情况

英语不能用被动语态的若干情况

■不及物动词没有被动语态，如rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie, disappear, last

等。如：

After the fire, nothing remained.那场大火之后，什么也没留下来了。

误：After the fire, nothing was remained.

■不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to等。如：

Great changes have taken place here since 1990.自1990年以来这里发生了巨大的

变化.

误：Great changes have been taken place here since 1990.

■有的及物动词也没有被动语态，如cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, have, wish,

hold, own, lack, fit, resemble, jump, mind等。如：

She entered the room just now.他刚才进过房间。

误：The room was entered by her just now.

Tom jumped the queue.汤姆插队。

误：The queue was jumped by Tom.

■有些及物的短语动词也没有被动语态，如agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands

with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, walk into, belong to等。如：

I don’t agree with him.我不同意他的看法。

误：He isn’t agreed with by me. ()

■宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、v-ing形式及抽象名词等，都不能

变为被动句子的主语，如：

I taught myself French.我自学法语。

误：Myself was taught French.

They love each other.他们相爱。

误：Each other is loved.

We live a happy life.我们过着幸福的生活。

误：A happy is lived by us.

She likes to swim.她喜欢游泳。

误：To swim is liked by her.

介绍一种特殊的被动结构

先看看这个句子：

I don’t know him，but he __________ to have a lot of money.

A. says

B. said

C. is said

D. is saying

此题应选 C。这是一类比较特殊的被动语态。试比较以下各组句子：

据说他是一个诚实的人。

a. People say that he is an honest man.

b. It is said that he is an honest man.

c. He is said to be an honest man.

据说龟比象活得久。

a. People say that tortoises live longer than elephants.

b. It is said that tortoises live longer than elephants.

c. Tortoises are said to live longer than elephants.

人们认为他已离开了。

a. People believe that he has left.

b. It is believed that he has left.

c. He is believed to have left.

他们认为他取得了很大的进步。

a. They think that he has made great progress.

b. It’s thought that he has made great progress.

c. He is thought to have made great progress.()

常用于这类结构的动词有：say，think，believe，report等。

带双宾语动词的被动语态有何规律

请看几个句子：

主动：He answered me the question. (正)

被动：I was answered the question by him. (正)

被动：The question was answered me by him. (误)

以上句子涉及带双宾语动词的被动语态问题。这个问题可以从三个方面去概括：

■有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语)，这类动词主要的有：buy，give，lend，pay，show，teach，tell，offer，leave，award等：

他给了她一些钱。

主动：He gave her some money. (正)

被动：She was given some money by him. (正)

被动：Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)

■有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do，make，pass，sell，sing，write等：

他给她写了封信。

主动：He wrote her a letter. (正)

被动：A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)

被动：She was written a letter by him. (少见)

■有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：answer，refuse，save，spare，deny，envy等()：他们不允许我入场。

主动：They refused me admittance. (正)

被动：I was refused admittance by them. (正)

被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)

主动表被动的常见情形

(1)连用动词用主动表被动：尤其是表示“……起来”的系动词，如sound(听起来), taste(吃起来), smell(闻起来), feel(摸起来), look, seem(看起来)等，尽管它在汉语意思含有被动意味，但英语却要用主动形式表示被动含义。如：