高中英语句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型
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句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分
它包括主，谓，宾，宾补，表（直宾，
间宾），定，状 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 表语，宾语和宾补是谓语里的组成部 分。 定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
句子成分的构成
句子的主干成分：
主语、谓语、宾语、表语
句子的次要成分：
定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语
主语
基本句型3 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语 动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的 动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必 须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者， 才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及 物动词。
Ｖ（实义动 词） 1. Who knows 2. She laugh at 3. He understands 8. He made 5. They ate 6. Danny likes 7. I want 4. He said
2.
英 语 的 句 子 结 构
简单句
并列句
复合句
*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句; *几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句 的复合句。
简单句的五种句型
1）SV 主语＋谓语
eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died.
eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.
5) SVOC 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语
eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep. *在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到 谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还 有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。
Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语） keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them
Ｃ（宾补） clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus.
1.They
work hard. 主 + 谓 (状） 2.The flower is dead. 主+ 系+表 3.Plants need water. 主+ 谓+宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 间宾+ 直宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主+谓+ 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees.
2) SVP 主语＋谓语＋表语
eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.
3) SVO 主语＋谓语＋宾语
eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.
简单句的五种句型
4）SVOiOd 主语＋谓语+间接宾语＋直接宾语
Ｓ 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face
Ｖ（系动词） is smells(闻) fell looks is is become turned
Ｐ an English-Chinese dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red.
主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 & 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
的比较
宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系；
双宾语没有。 He made the boy laugh. 宾语和宾补 He gave me a book. 双宾语 He calls me Tom. 宾语和宾补 She bought me a pen. 宾语和宾补 We sent them a telegram. 双宾语
ｏ（多 指人） him her husband you her him him
Ｏ（多指物）
8. He showed
me
a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late.
Ｖ （不及物动词） flies. rose. cook. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday
基本句型2 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子 谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思， 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表 语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思 这类动词叫做连系动词。
Ｓ
Ｏ the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必 须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两 个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是 动作的间接承受者。
1.
及物动词和不及物动词
及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:
see / hear / drank / eat / …
I
saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now.
定语
用来修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形
容词的修饰作用，
The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do.
状语
1.
修饰动词，形容词或副词, 状语类似于副
词。
一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方 式，程度等意义。 3. 一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
基本句型5
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟 一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思， 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾 语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I
1.
说明主语“做什麽”，“是什麽”， 或“怎麽样”。 2. 必须用动词。 3. 和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致 （主谓一致）。 4. 在主语后面。 His parents are doctors. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished reading the book. He can speak English.
主+ 谓＋ 宾 （状） 10. She told me
a story.
主＋ 谓＋间宾＋直宾
实际应用I
I. Choose the best answers：
1. ____ some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it. A. Trying C. To try B. Try D. Having tried
1.
谓语
表语
1.
说明主语“怎麽样”，或“是什麽” 。
2.
百度文库
位于在be动词, 系动词后面。
You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.
基本句型1 Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特 点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。
Ｓ
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everbody 6. I 7. They 8. He
主语是谓语讲述的对象。 2. 表示所说的“是什麽”，“是谁”， 3. 一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或 短语充当。 4. 它在句首。 We study in No. 7 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. To teach them English is my job. Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.
实际应用 I
2. He sent me an e-mail, ____ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
实际应用I
3. _____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept
基本句型4
She lent me a book. ---She lent a book to me. He bought me a new bike. ---He bought a new bike for me.
Ｓ
1. She 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I
Ｖ（及 物） passed cooked brought bought showed gave told
系动词（必背）
be
(am is are was were) / seem / keep /…是/好象(似乎)是/保持 / feel / taste / smell / sound / …看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) 感官 动词 / turn / get / grow / …变得
look
become
宾语
是动作，行为的对象。 2. 由名，代，或相当于名词的词，短语 来担任。 3. 它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。 4. 在谓语(及物动词后，)之后。分为直接 宾语和间接宾语。 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.
7. We must keep our classroom clean.
主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补
8. After work he always feels a little tired.
（状） 主+ （状） 系+ （定） 表
9. They laughed at us after the match.
不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的
动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / … She smiled happily. They laughed loudly.
如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助: She
look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match.
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分
它包括主，谓，宾，宾补，表（直宾，
间宾），定，状 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 表语，宾语和宾补是谓语里的组成部 分。 定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
句子成分的构成
句子的主干成分：
主语、谓语、宾语、表语
句子的次要成分：
定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语
主语
基本句型3 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语 动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的 动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必 须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者， 才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及 物动词。
Ｖ（实义动 词） 1. Who knows 2. She laugh at 3. He understands 8. He made 5. They ate 6. Danny likes 7. I want 4. He said
2.
英 语 的 句 子 结 构
简单句
并列句
复合句
*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句; *几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句 的复合句。
简单句的五种句型
1）SV 主语＋谓语
eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died.
eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.
5) SVOC 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语
eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep. *在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到 谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还 有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。
Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语） keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them
Ｃ（宾补） clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus.
1.They
work hard. 主 + 谓 (状） 2.The flower is dead. 主+ 系+表 3.Plants need water. 主+ 谓+宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 间宾+ 直宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主+谓+ 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees.
2) SVP 主语＋谓语＋表语
eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.
3) SVO 主语＋谓语＋宾语
eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.
简单句的五种句型
4）SVOiOd 主语＋谓语+间接宾语＋直接宾语
Ｓ 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face
Ｖ（系动词） is smells(闻) fell looks is is become turned
Ｐ an English-Chinese dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red.
主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 & 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
的比较
宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系；
双宾语没有。 He made the boy laugh. 宾语和宾补 He gave me a book. 双宾语 He calls me Tom. 宾语和宾补 She bought me a pen. 宾语和宾补 We sent them a telegram. 双宾语
ｏ（多 指人） him her husband you her him him
Ｏ（多指物）
8. He showed
me
a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late.
Ｖ （不及物动词） flies. rose. cook. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday
基本句型2 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子 谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思， 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表 语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思 这类动词叫做连系动词。
Ｓ
Ｏ the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必 须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两 个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是 动作的间接承受者。
1.
及物动词和不及物动词
及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:
see / hear / drank / eat / …
I
saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now.
定语
用来修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形
容词的修饰作用，
The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do.
状语
1.
修饰动词，形容词或副词, 状语类似于副
词。
一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方 式，程度等意义。 3. 一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
基本句型5
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟 一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思， 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾 语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I
1.
说明主语“做什麽”，“是什麽”， 或“怎麽样”。 2. 必须用动词。 3. 和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致 （主谓一致）。 4. 在主语后面。 His parents are doctors. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished reading the book. He can speak English.
主+ 谓＋ 宾 （状） 10. She told me
a story.
主＋ 谓＋间宾＋直宾
实际应用I
I. Choose the best answers：
1. ____ some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it. A. Trying C. To try B. Try D. Having tried
1.
谓语
表语
1.
说明主语“怎麽样”，或“是什麽” 。
2.
百度文库
位于在be动词, 系动词后面。
You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.
基本句型1 Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特 点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。
Ｓ
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everbody 6. I 7. They 8. He
主语是谓语讲述的对象。 2. 表示所说的“是什麽”，“是谁”， 3. 一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或 短语充当。 4. 它在句首。 We study in No. 7 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. To teach them English is my job. Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.
实际应用 I
2. He sent me an e-mail, ____ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
实际应用I
3. _____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept
基本句型4
She lent me a book. ---She lent a book to me. He bought me a new bike. ---He bought a new bike for me.
Ｓ
1. She 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I
Ｖ（及 物） passed cooked brought bought showed gave told
系动词（必背）
be
(am is are was were) / seem / keep /…是/好象(似乎)是/保持 / feel / taste / smell / sound / …看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) 感官 动词 / turn / get / grow / …变得
look
become
宾语
是动作，行为的对象。 2. 由名，代，或相当于名词的词，短语 来担任。 3. 它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。 4. 在谓语(及物动词后，)之后。分为直接 宾语和间接宾语。 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.
7. We must keep our classroom clean.
主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补
8. After work he always feels a little tired.
（状） 主+ （状） 系+ （定） 表
9. They laughed at us after the match.
不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的
动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / … She smiled happily. They laughed loudly.
如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助: She
look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match.