陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句精讲精练.
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[知识要点梳理]
一、英语句子按用途可分为四类:
1、陈述句:用来说明事实或说话人的看法,包括肯定句和否定句。如:He is a doctor.
I didn’t go to school yesterday.
2、祈使句:用来表示请求、命令。如:Be quiet!
Don’t play with fire!
3、问句:用来提出问题。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
如:Do you like English?
What time is it?
Does he like playing football or playing basketball?
They went out, didn’t they?
4、感叹句:用来表达强烈的感情。如:What a fine day it is!
How beautiful!
二、用法讲析:
1、陈述句:中考出题一般是将肯定句变为否定句。几种常见形式:
(1)含有谓语动词be,变否定时,be后加not即be not……
I am a teacher → I am not a teacher.
There are some books→There a re not any books.
(2)句子谓语动词是实义动词(如:work live)时,要用助动词do/does/did + not + 动词原形。
如:They like swimming→They don’t like swimming.
I came late → I didn’t come late
(3) 句中含有all,both的句子,变完全否定时,要将all→none, both→neither, both…and…→ neither…nor…要注意谓语动词的变化。
如:All of u s watched the TV → None of us watched the TV. students.→homework.→ (4)现在完成时、过去完成时态的句子变否定时变为 have/has+not+done或
had+not+done
(5) had better do something变否定时为had better not do…
如:You’d better have a rest → You’d better not have a rest.
2、疑问句:
(1)一般疑问句:一般指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。
I Tom at home?Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.
Can you swim?Yes, I can./No, I can’t.
Have they been to Beijing?
Yes, they have./No, they haven’t.
(2)特殊疑问句:是以疑问词开头的疑问句。
常用疑问词what,where,who,how,what time,how long等其结构:疑问词+一般疑问句?
要注意使用一般疑问句的语序。.
My nam e is Mary→
I usually get up at 6:30→
注意:疑问词作主语或作主语的定语时,语序不变即疑问词(疑问词+被修饰词)+动词+其他?
Han Mei is on duty Today.→Who is on duty today?
My ruler is blue.→Whose ruler is blue?
还应注意:特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No回答,应问什么答什么。
(3)选择疑问句:提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种。这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。其结构:“一般疑问句+or+其他?”
Is her brother a doctor↗or a↘teacher? 前升后降
Shall we go to the cinema on↗Saturday or on↘Sunday?
注意:回答时不用Yes或No,直接回答(根据事实回答)。
如:—Does he like English or Chinese?
—He likes Chinese.
(4)反意疑问句:反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句之后,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种:一是“肯定陈述句 + 简略否定问句”;二是“否定陈述句 + 简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。如:
It looks like rain,doesn’t it?
He doesn't need to work so late, does he?
学习反意疑问句,特别要注意以下的一些特殊情况:
①陈述部分的主语是this,that时,疑问部分的主语多用it;陈述部分的主语是these,those时,疑问部分的主语是they。如:
This is a dictionary, isn’t it?
Those are shelves, aren’t they?
②陈述句如果是there be 结构时,疑问部分仍用there。如:
There once was a man named Saint Nicholas,wasn’t there?
③陈述部分的谓语是had better(最好)时,疑问部分用hadn’t来体现。如:You’d better have a good rest, hadn’t you?
④陈述句的谓语动词是have(has)to(必须)时,疑问部分用助动词do或does来体现。如:
The y have to go there, don’t they?
He has to leave early, doesn’t he?
⑤陈述句的主语是动词不定式、动词的ing形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。如:
Taking care of our environment is very important, isn’t it?
What he said is right, isn’t it?
⑥陈述句中含有not、no、hardly、neither、never、few、little、too…t o等否定词或是具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式。如:
Few people knew the news, did they?
Tom has never been to England, has he?
但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时,整个句子仍视为肯定句,反意疑问部分多用否定形式。
如:She is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑦陈述句中的谓语动词含有“推测”性的词must(一定)时,反意疑问部分多与must之后的动词形式和时态与句子主语保持一致。
Her mother must be a teacher, isn’t she?
She must have read the novel, hasn’t she?
⑧陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用they;如果陈述句的主语是something,nothing,anything,everything等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用it。
如:Nobody says a word about the accident,do they?
Everything seems all right,doesn’t it?
⑨陈述句是主从复句时,如果主句的谓语动词是think、believe、expect、feel、guess等词,且主语是第一人称I时,反意疑问部分的人称、时态要与从句中的人称、时态保持一致,同时还要考虑到否定的转移。如:
I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, can’t he?
I don’t think he will come, will he?
⑩祈使句反意疑问句都可做成will you?
Please ?
Don’t
但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we?
Let us……,
Let me……,