肾内科专业英语词汇

肾脏科

常用语

慢性肾功能衰竭(Chronic renal failure, CRF)

病因(Etiology)

1. Chronic glomerulonephritis 慢性肾炎[ɡlɔ,merjuləuni'fraitis]

2. Diabetes mellitus, DM 糖尿病[,daiə'bi:ti:z] ['melitəs]

3. Hypertension: Nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化['nefrəu,skliə'rəusis]

4. Chronic tubulointerstitial diseases 慢性小管间质性疾病

5. Polycystic kidney disease 多囊肾[,pɔli'sistik]

6. Others 其他

治疗(Treatment)

1. ACE inhibitors may slow progression 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂可能减慢疾病进展

2. Treat reversible causes 治疗可逆性病因

3. Diet:Modest protein restriction with near normal caloric intake decreases nitrogen intake and avoids catabolism[kə'lɔrik] ['naitrədʒən] [kə'tæbəlizəm]

饮食：适度限制蛋白，热量摄入基本正常，减少氮摄入，防止分解代谢。

4. Dialysis 透析[dai'ælisis]

Chronic hemodialysis (HD) is the mainstay of therapy for chronic renal failure, but chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is also an alternative. [,hi:mədai'ælisis; ,hem-]

['æmbjulətəri] [,peritəu'ni:əl]

慢性血液透析是慢性肾功能不全的主要治疗方法，同时慢性非卧床腹膜透析也是另一种选择。

透析的绝对指征(Absolute indications for dialysis)

1. Uremic pericarditis with or without cardiac tamponade 尿毒症性心包炎伴或不伴心包压塞[,perikɑ:'daitis] [,tæmpə'neid]

2. Progressive motor neuropathy 进展性运动神经病变[njuə'rɔpəθi]

3. Intractable volume overload 难治性容量过负荷[in'træktəbl]

4. Life-threatening and intractable hyperkalemia or acidosis 威胁生命的难治性高钾血症或酸中毒

5. Toxins (e.g., ethylene glycol) 中毒（如乙二醇等）['eθili:n] ['ɡlaikɔl]

透析的相对指征(Relative indications for dialysis)

1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances 体液和电解质紊乱

2. V olume-dependent hypertension 容量依赖的高血压

3. CNS abnormalities 中枢神经系统异常[,æbnɔ:'mælitiz]

4. Anemia and bleeding diatheses 贫血和出血体质[dai'æθisi:z]

5. Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting 厌食、恶心、呕吐[,ænə'reksiə]

6. Weight loss 消瘦

7. Pruritus and ecchymoses 皮肤瘙痒和瘀斑[pru'raitəs, -'ri:-] [,eki'məusi:z]

对话

Urinary tract infection 尿路感染

Dr.: would you tell me how you feel?

医生：请问有何不舒服？

Pt.: I piss many times, and my urine is red. I also feel pain while urination. [,juəri'neiʃən]

病人：我小便次数多，尿液呈红色，排尿时疼痛。

Dr.: do you feel any back pain? Any fever?

医生：腰痛吗？发热吗？

Pt.: Yeah. There is also some pain in the lower belly. What’s my trouble?

病人：是的，小腹也痛。我是什么病呢？

Dr.: probably you have UTI. It’s certain you have your urine examined microbiologically for the accurate diagnosis. ['maikrəu,baiəu'lɔdʒikəli] ['ækjurət]

医生：你可能患尿路感染。当然，需要做尿培养以明确诊断。

Pt.: I feel uncomfortable. May I have some medication?

病人：我很不舒服，现在能用药吗？[,medi'keiʃən]

Dr.: right after we have your urine sample. Please remember to have lots of water.

医生：送检尿培养后就可以用药。请一定多饮水。

Pt.: that’s all right. I will cooperate. Thank you very much, dr.

病人：好的，我会配合的。谢谢你，医生。

Dr.: you are welcome. Call my office anytime you feel necessary.

医生：不用客气。有事可随时找我。

Chronic glomerulonephritis慢性肾炎

Dr.: hi. I am the dr. responsible for your treatment. Would you tell me the detail of your disease? 医生：你好，我是你的管床医生。请讲讲你的发病过程。

Pt.: I feel pain in the back for 3 months.

病人：我腰痛三个月了。

Dr.: how is it? Do you feel back pain unilaterally or bilaterally?[bai'lætərəli]

医生：单侧还是双侧？

Pt.: bilateral.

病人：双侧。

Dr.: does your pain refer to any regions elsewhere?

医生：牵涉至其他部位疼痛吗？

Pt.: no.

病人：没有。

Dr.: any pain during urination?

医生：排尿时疼痛吗？

Pt.: no.

病人：没有。

Dr.: how your urine looks like? Foamy? ['fəumi]

医生：小便是什么颜色？带泡沫吗？

Pt.: it’s clear yellow, with some foam. [fəum]

病人：小便是黄色的，有泡沫。