英语单词变化规则大汇总
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英语单词的各种变化规则一、名词复数变化:
(二)名词复数的不规则变化:
1.child→children(儿童)man→men(男人)woman→women (女人)
an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)foot→feet(脚)tooth→teeth(牙)mouse→mice(老鼠)ox →oxen(公牛)goose→geese(鹅)
2.单复同形
deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss, species,means
除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar,two dollars; a meter,two meters
3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
people police cattle是复数
(Correctness:a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )
(Error:a people,a police,a cattle )
表示国民总称时,作复数用。
(The Chinese are industrious and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)
4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
2)news是不可数名词。
5. 表示由两部分构成的东西,
glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses ,two pairs of trousers\suit(套)
6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思
goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)
练习:写出下列各词的复数
I _________ him _________ this ___________ her ______
watch _______ child _______ photo ________ diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box________ strawberry _____ thief _______ fish______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、序数词变化规则
(一)一般化规则:基数词+th→序数词(规则变化)
four(四)→fourth(第四)
six(六)→sixth(第六)
seven(七)→seventh(第七)
ten(十)→tenth(第十)
eleven(十一)eleventh→(第十一)
(二)**不规则变化的
one(一)→first(第一) twenty-one → twenty-first two(二)→second(第二)
three(三)→third(第三)
five(五)→fifth(第五)
eight(八)→eighth(第八) fifty-eight → fifty-eighth nine(九)→ninth(第九)
twelve(十二)→twelfth(第十二)
(三)从13—19的基数词,都在个位数后加teen构成
14→fourteen
15→fifteen
16→sixteen
17→seventeen
18→eighteen
19→nineteen
(四)整十的序数词,变y为ie再加th
20 twenty→twentieth第二十
30 thirty→thirtieth第三十
40 forty→fortieth第十四
50 fifty→fiftieth第五十
60 sixty→sixtieth第六十
70 seventy→seventieth第七十
80 eight→eightieth第八十
90 ninety→ninetieth第九十
(五)分数的表达:分子用:基数词
分母用:序数词
特别要注意:当分子大于1时,分母要用:复数
1/2 one second ; a half ; 1/4 a quarter ;3/4 three quarters
7/8 seven eighths
3/5 three fifths
(六)加减乘除表达
a decimal number 小数
a fraction 分数
a percentage 百分数
a odd number奇数
an even number 偶数
degrees 度数
1) 加:and; plus; add to
2+4=6
Two and four is/equals six.
或Two plus four is/equals six.
或Two added to four equals six.
2)减:minus ; subtract from 8-3=5
Eight minus three is/equals five.
或Three subtracted from eight is five.
3)乘:multiply...by;
multiplied by /times 3×5=15
Multiply three by five is/equals fifteen.
或Three multiplied by five is/equals fifteen.
4)除:divide by.../divide ...by... 24÷8=3
Twenty-four divided by eight is/equals three.
或Divide 24 by 8 is /equals three.
三.形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则:
1.一般在词尾加er/est;
2.以字母e 结尾,加r/st ;
3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er/st ;原级比较级最高级
slim slimmer slimmest
big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
fat fatter fattest
thin thinner thinnest
wet wetter wettest
red redder reddest
sad sadder saddest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er/st
5.多音节词.和部分双音节词,在单词前面加more或most
important more important most important difficult more difficult most difficult
interesting more interesting most interesting
useful more useful most useful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
6.不规则形容词比较级:
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
old older/elder oldest/eldest
red redder reddest