book3语法现在分词

现在分词（Present Participle)(又称-ing形式，动名词) ，是非谓语动词的一种。

分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，可以作定语，表语，补语，状语，同时它们还具有动词的性质特点。

一般式：doing；一般被动式：being done；完成式：having done；完成被动式：having been done。

所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not.
一现在分词作定语
1单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系,并且是正在进行的动作。

并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。

1) a_______boy 一个在奔跑的男孩= a boy who ___________
2) the girl_____________站在那边的女孩=a girl who___________ over there
3）the library ___________正在修建的图书馆=the library which ________ 注意1：分词的完成式不可作定语
注意3：某些现在分词作定语时具有形容词词性如interesting story，an exciting match。

二现在分词作补语: 宾语跟现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。

下列动词可以加现在分词作宾补（强调动作正在进行的情景）：1感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe listen to look at
2使役动词：have get, leave keep
3发现类动词：find sb doing; catch sb. doing sth
1). I saw him ____________ when I found him now.(在打篮球)
2) Don't have the machine ______________________.(一直运转).
3) The boy left his dog ____________(在外面叫不停)。

区别：感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式作宾补，强调动作发生的全过程。

1) The mother watch his son ________________( 过了马路)。

2) We heard him ___________________(唱了一首英文歌)at the party.
三现在分词作表语，放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。

1) The news sounds____________. 这故事听起来鼓舞人心
2) It is ________ that the meeting will last long. 会议要开很久，真是无聊。

四现在分词作状语---表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、方式、让步等。

注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

（即句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，主语不一致通常用从句）
1作时间状语；有时候为了保留清楚的意思，可以在分词前面加上when/while
1)_________in the street, I came across one of my old friends.当我在街上走时，碰到了一个老朋友。

=When/While __________in the street, I saw him.
2) 他走在街上时，我看到了他。

(注意：两个主语不一致)
____________________________..
2 作条件状语
Working hard, you will succeed. （只要）努力工作，你就会成功
=________hard and you will succeed. =If _________hard, you will succeed.
3作原因状语
1)__________, she didn’t go to school. 因为生病，她没上学.
=As ____________ ill, she didn’t go to school.
2)_____________(不知道)how to deal with the problem, she went to ask her father for advice.
=Because _____________ how to deal with the problem, she went to ask her father for advice.
3)____________(生活了)in the village for many years, the man doesn’t want to move into the city.
4作让步状语
1）_______ many times, he didn't lost heart.虽然失败过很多次，但他没有灰心。

=Though _______ many times, he didn't lost heart.
2）___________(已经等他) for a long time, I still stayed patient..
=Though __________________for a long time, I still stayed patient.
5作结果状语
His father died, _____________(结果留给他)a lot of money.
I left in such a hurry, _________________(结果忘了锁) the door.
（注：动词不定式作结果状语通常表示一种出乎意料的结果，常在不定式前加only强调惊讶或失望；而ing形式作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系）
We took a taxi to the airport, only _______ the flight was cancelled because of the storm.(结果得知)-
I rushed to the office, only _______it’s locked.(结果发现)
6作伴随方式状语
Please answer the question _________ another way.. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题
The old man began to beat time, ________(轻踏)his foot on the dirt floor.
The boy sat there, ______________(玩弄) his cell phone.
The woman stood under the tree, __________(等着) her son to come back.
五下列结构常用现在分词。

generally speaking一般来说Judging from/by 根据..判断，considering…考虑到，鉴于
1 _______________(一般而言), boys are better at playing football.
2 ____________________(根据他的口音判断)，he is American.
动名词的用法
动词的ing形式还包括动名词，其构成形式完全同现在分词，但更多的是具备名词的特点,表示一件事情，也可以表示已有的经验和抽象行为；或经常发生的习惯动作。

主动式：doing 被动式being done（与逻辑主语之间是被动关系）完成式having done 一动名词作主语：动名词经常用作主语，表示一种抽象的行为或习惯经验等。

1 ____________(吃太多冰激凌) will make you fat.
2 _____________(酒后驾驶) is very dangerous.
二动名词作定语, 表示被修饰词的用途.
例如：a swimming pool, a waiting room,
1）写字桌_______________2)酒杯______________3) 阅览室_____________
三动名词作表语，主要是解释说明主语的内容。

1. Her hobby is _______________(集邮)
2. My job is ________________(照顾)these patients.
四动名词作宾语---通常介词后面都要接动名词做宾语；英语中还有些动词只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有：enjoy，finish, mind，appreciate, admit, allow, advise, avoid, escape，excuse，imagine, suggest,stand(忍受) practise, risk, deny, consider(考虑)…
Doctors often suggest ______________(多喝水)
The boy entered the classroom without________________.(趁没人注意).
Can you imagine __________________( 被嘲笑) in public?
No one can escape _____________(受惩罚) if he breaks the rule.
【语法专练】
1 How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?(take)
2. The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river. (play)
3．Proteins are very important for _____(build) our bodies.
4.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
5. There is a river ______ around our school. ( run)
6. All the students couldn’t help _____(laugh)when I told them the j oke.
7. He still remembers ___________ to Shanghai when he was a child. (.take)
8. When we arrived at the railway station, only ______ the train had left.(find)
9. With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way to the
zoo.(lead ;find)
10.______ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in the town
and______ from the top of the mountain, the town looks more beautiful. (See)
11. I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (sail)
12. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against
your face. (move )
13.As is known to all, China is a _________(develop) country now but it will be an
______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time. (advance)
14. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___________ into buying something
they don’t really need. (persuade)
15. There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light. ( follow )
16. Please excuse my ______ in without ______ . ( come; permit )
17.______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting
______ then. (hold )
18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?
——Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English. (sing;)
19. It is no use ______ your past mistakes. ( regret)
20. I would appreciate ______ back this afternoon. (you call).
短文填空：根据句意和所给单词的正确形式填空。

Today I still remember the day 1_____I got the job in a big company. You can’t imagine the situation 2_____ I was 3______(excite). The boss showed me 4_____the office building. All the employees were busy 5 _________(work) on the computer. I forgot 6 _______(say) hello to them because I was too nervous. I visited the meeting room, 7______(follow)the boss. There were two Frenchmen in it, 8_______(prepare) for an interview. I tried to greet them 9____ English but I couldn’t make myself
10________(understand) by them. The boss asked me 11____(turn) off the lights when I left the building 12____ work. 13________(know) the importance of 14_____(0bey) the rules, I tried to keep it in mind. I didn’t want to risk 15________(fire) on my first day.
16_______, I remember 17______(lock) the door before I 18______(leave) the office, but forgot to turn off all the lights. How I regretted 19______(make) the stupid mistake!
The next morning I arrived at the office 20_____(early) than required, only 21
_____(find) the lights had been turned off. I stood in the middle of the room
22_______(confuse). Just then an old man appeared at the door. He told me that it was
23____(him) who did it and that 25_______(keep) the rules in mind was very important.25______(realize)my own fault, I had to apologize to him and promised never
to do that again.。