媒体英语阅读技巧：经济发展

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描写经济发展趋势时常用的"约估"词汇有： 表示远远高于：far (over) above 表示略高于：just over, just above 表示左右：around, about, approximately, more or less • 表示略低(高)：almost, nearly, just under, just above
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常用于描述上升趋势的短语有： an increase / to increase a rise / to rise a gain / to gain an upward movement / to go up a jump / to jump a peak / to (hit) reach a peak / to peak a growth / to grow a hike / to hike a leap / to leap a soaring / to soar a surge in/ to surge
三、西方报刊中有关"约估"概念的表达方式
• 例：Kengan stocks have risen nearly 135%, Chanian stocks are up about 70%. • Kengan股市上涨近135％，而Chanian股市上升约70％。 • 例：The State Bank of India (SBI) is the country's largest commercial bank controlling around 25% of the total banking business. • 印度国家银行为印度最大的商业银行，控制全国近25％的 银行业务。 • 例：The company now spends approximately $1 billion to design a microprocessor and then pours $1 billion into each plant that builds it. • 该公司现投资近10亿美元设计一种微型处理器，然后再向 每一家生产该产品的厂家投入10亿美元。
• 2. 下降情况 • 例：The Nation's purchasers said industrial activity declined in August, and the government composite index of leading indicators fell 0.2% in July. • 全国的购买商称：八月份的工业生产下降，政府主要指标 的综合指数七月份下降了0.2％。 • 例：The unemployment rate dipped from 5.7% in July back to 5.6% - its June reading - but the nonfarm workweek was cut, and hourly wage fell. • 失业率从七月份的5.7％下降至六月份的5.6％，但非农业 企业的周工作时间缩短，时工资降低。
二、西方报刊中常使用的比较手法
• 1. 一般比较 • 例：Foreign trade, however, remains at a negative. The July trade deficit widened further to $11.56billion, from $$11.3billion in June. Imports fell 1.7%, but exports dropped 2.3%. The trade gap began the third quarter wider than its second-quarter reading. • 外贸处于负增长。七月份的贸易赤字继续扩大，由六月份 的113亿美元上升至115亿美元。进口额下降了1.7％，但 是出口也跌落了2.3％。第三季度贸易逆差比第二季度增 大。 • 例：But if the budget cuts look credible - and if the economy is no peppier than it is now - look for lower rates by year end. • 但如果预算削减成为可能--如果经济状况与现在相比没有 转机--年底可望利率下调。
新闻英语阅读技巧：经济发展
新闻英语阅读技巧：经济发展
• 在英美报刊中，关于国际经济贸易发展和预测其 发展趋势的文章占据相当大的比重。这些文章除 在内容上具有涉及范围广泛的特点外，在文章的 表达方式上也具有鲜明的特点。比如，有关国际 经贸发展及预测其发展趋势的文章通常涉及各种 指数的变化和比较，而这些指数变化的文字表达 构成该类文章的一大特点。 • 描述经济贸易的发展无非是上升、下降和趋势平 稳三种情况，再加上各种指数之间的比较以及表 达"约估"这个概念：
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常用于表示下降趋势的短语有： a dip / to dip to a decline / to decline a drop / to drop a decrease / to decrease a collapse / to collapse a cut / to cut a downward movement in / go down a fall off / to fall off a leveling off / to level off a low point / to reach a low point a slip in / to slip off a slump in / to slump a slide / to slide
一、有关经济贸易发展方面常用的 表达方式：
• 1. 上升情况 • 例：Also, fourth-quarter consumer spending appears to be perking up. After strong 0.8% advance in September, October retail sales rose 0.2%. The gain was modest, but excluding car dealers, sales increased a strong 0.4%. • 此外，第四季度消费者消费额趋于上扬。零售指数在九月 份以0.8％的比例强劲增长后，十月份又上涨了0.2％。利 润虽然不多，但除汽车销售外，销售额有0.4％的大幅增 长。 • 例：Consumer outlays surged 1% in May, followed by a 0.4% advance in July. • 消费者的消费额5月份上升1％，6月份上升0.4％。
• 2. 对比与变化程度的表达 • 例：Japan's exports of steel grew 1.4-fold, making it the largest exporter by a considerable margin. • 日本的钢出口量增加1.4倍，使其一跃成为远远超 过其他国家的最大钢出口国。 • 常用于描写经济贸易情况变化程度的词汇有： • big change / small change / marked(ly) / fractional(ly) / great(ly) / marginal(ly) / considerable(ly) / slight(ly) • fast change / slow change ; quick(ly) / gradual(ly) ; sudden(ly) / slow(ly) ; rapid(ly) / gentl(e)(ly)
• 3. 趋势平稳 • 例：After falling sharply in the previous two years, the unemployment rate has hardly moved since April. August unemployment stood at 8.2% and the annual pace of weekly earnings slowed to 3.25%. • 失业率在过去两年急剧下降的情况下，四月份以来几乎没有 变化。八月份的失业率保持在8.2％，而年均周收入增长速度 七月份降至3.25％。 • 例：The economic expansion will most likely continue at a modest pace, turning into one of the longest ever in peacetime. But growth could slow to a crawl. • 经济增长很可能以较小的幅度(适度)增长，成为和平时期以 来持续最长的一次经济增长。但此增长速度可能会变得如爬 行一般。 • 例：Measured against the currencies of the major industrial countries, the dollar is likely to hover about where it is for several calendar quarters at least. • 用主要工业国家的度量衡量，至少在以后的几个季度里，美 元汇率可能在目前水平上徘徊。