专升本辅导5被动语态.doc

专升本辅导5 被动语态

形式：

1. 动作的实施者很明显

1）The rubbish hasn’t been collected.

2) Your hand will be X-rayed.

2. 不知道是谁或没必要提及

1）The president has been murdered.

2) My car has been moved!

3. 当动作的实施者泛指人们时

1) He is believed to be honest.

2) He was supported of receiving stolen goods.

Acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, estimate, feel, find, know, presume, reported, say, think

4. 主动句的主语是不定代词one, you, they时

1）One/You see this kind of advertisement everywhere. ----

This kind of advertisement is seen everywhere.

2) They are building a new public library in our town.---

A new public library is being built in our town.

5. 不及物动词没有被动语态

6. have/get sth. done

1) 安排别人把事情做好

a) Clint had the roof repaired yesterday.

b) I must get my hair cut.

c) If you don’t get out of my house, I’ll have you arrested.

2) 谈论发生在自己身上的事

a) I got my car stolen last year.

b) Joe had his leg broken in a fight.

7. 静态被动形式

a) The window was broken last night.

b) Bow the window is broken.

被动语态练习

I. 将下列句子变成被动语态

1. Mr. Clint teaches our grammar.

2. Mr. Clint will teach our grammar.

3. Mr. Clint is teaching our grammar.

4. Mr. Clint taught our grammar.

5. Mr. Clint has taught our grammar for 2 years.

6. He wrote the book.

7. He will invite you to the party.

8. John is writing the report.

9. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.

10. Bob mailed the package.

11. The children have eaten the cake.

12. I didn’t write that note. Jim wrote it.

13. Mr. Smith hasn’t written those letters. Has Mr. Williams written them?

14. Is Mr. Brown painting your house?

15. His tricks won’t fool me.

16. Someone was cleaning the room when I arrived.

II. 如有可能，将下列句子变成被动语态，有必要时加上by短语

17. People grow corn in many countries.

18. Peter came here two months ago.

19. Someone made this antique table in 1900.

20. Great changes have taken place in Beijing these years.

21. An accident happened last night.

22. Someone stole my purse.

23. The Chinese invented paper, the main writing material today.

24. Someone was making the coffee when I walked into the kitchen.

25. Translators have translated that book into many languages.

26. Is Mr. Clint teaching our grammar this semester?

27. When did someone invent the telephone?

28. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?

29. You can see this sort of advertisement everywhere.

30. If you expose a film to light while you are developing it, you will ruin the negatives.

31. They teach English in every school in that country.

32. They are going to build the new hospital next year. They have already built the new elementary school.

III. 间接宾语用作被动语态的主语

33. They will send you a bill at the end of the month.

34. A local advertising company has offered Maria a good job.

35. Some company paid Fred three hundred dollars in consulting fees.

36. Peking University has awarded John a scholarship.

37. A clerk handed Ann a menu at the restaurant.

IV. get 与被动语态连用

38. There was an accident, but nobody _____. (hurt)

39. We didn’t have a map, so we ____. (lose)

40. We can leave as soon as you ___. (dress)

41. When ____ you ____? (marry)

42. How long did it take you to _______ to living here? (accustom)

43. Sam was supposed to be home an hour ago, but he still isn’t here. I ____(worry).

44. Just try to take it easy. Don’t ____. (upset)

45. I _____ because everybody gave me different advice. (confuse)

46. ____ you ____to the party? (invite)

47. I _____, so I didn’t stay for the end of the movie. (bore)

48. I ____ on Fridays. I’ll give you the money I owe you next Friday, Okay? (pay)

49. First, they ____. (engage)

Then, they ____ .(marry)

Later, they ____. (divorce)

Finally, they ______. (remarry) Today they are very happy.

V. have sth. done

50. Why did you take your car to the garage? I ____ (repair).

51. Why did you take your jacket to the cleaner’s? I _____ (clean).

52. I can’t cut my hair myself. I need to ____ (cut).

53. The coat is dirty. I must _____ (it/clean)

54. They didn’t paint the house themselves. They _____ (paint).

55. Did you make the curtains yourself? No, I _____ (make).

56. I lost my key. I’ll have to _____ (another key/make).

57. When was the last time you ____ (your hair/cut)?

58. _____ (you/a newspaper/deliver) to your house or do you go to the shop to buy one?

59. A: What are those workmen doing in your garden?

B: Oh, we ____ (a swimming pool/build).

60. A: Where are you going, Joe?

B: I am going to _____ (the film/develop).

情态动词

Shall 的用法

1）shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人的许诺

a) You shall have the money back next week. + I promise you will have---

b) If he passes the examination he shall have a bicycle. ===promise

2) shall 用于第二人称的陈述句，还表示说话人强烈的意愿，甚至威胁

You shall pay for this !

3) 用于第一、三人称的一般疑问句中表示“建议”

a) Shall I buy you a gift?

b) Shall I open the window?

Would/used to---过去重复的动作

Used to 可以表示在过去定期重复的动作，也可指过去存在的状态。Would 只表过去重复的动作。

a) When I was a boy, I would/used to go swimming in a river near my house.

b) I used to have a cat.

对过去推测的肯定句：must/can /may/could/might +完成时

a) He was sick.

b) He must have been sick.

c) He may have been sick.

d) He could have been sick.

e) He might have been sick.

对过去推测的否定句

a) He wasn’t sick.

b) He couldn’t have been sick.

c) He can’t have been sick.

d) He may not have been sick.

e) He might not have been sick.

Should/ought to have done 表示过去应该做而实际上并没有做的动作，---批评a) You should have phoned me last night.

b) You could have told me you were getting married.

c) I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me?

Needn’t have done 表示本来“无需做---，不必做---”但实际上做了

a) The restaurant was nearly empty. We needn’t have booked a table.

练习

I. 用动词的适当形式填空，以表示推测语气，注意肯定程度的不同。

1. It rained every day during their holiday, so they ____ (not/have) a very nice time.

2. The restaurant ____ (be) very good. It’s always full of people.

3. The phone rang but I didn’t hear it. I ____ (be) asleep.

4. There ____ (be) a bad accident here. Look at all the broken glass.

5. Jane walked past me without speaking. She ____ (not/see) me.

6. Joe isn’t at work today. He ____ (be) ill.

7. Joe wasn’t at work last week. He ____ (be) ill.

8. When I woke up this morning, the light was on. I ____ (forget) to turn it off.

9. The lights were red but the car didn’t stop. The driver _____(not/see) the red light.

10. She knew everything about our plans. She ____(listen ) to our conversation.

11. I can’t find my umbrella. I ____ (leave) it in the restaurant last night.

12. I left my bike outside the house last night and this morning it wasn’t there any more. Somebody ____(take) it.

13. A: He says he saw you at the theater yesterday.

B: He _____ (not see) me. I wasn’t there.

14. A: He has been working the whole morning.

B: He _____ (be) very tired.

15. A: Did you hear me come in last night?

B: No, I ____ (be) asleep.

II. 选择

1. Several cases have been reported recently of people who ____ read and detect colors with their fingers.

A. should

B. can

C. will

D. could

2. No one except his secretary ____ go straight into his office without permission.

A. can

B. is able to

C. will

D. is not allowed to

3. She was absent for the first time yesterday. She ____ sick.

A. must be

B. has been

C. is

D. must have been

4. He did very badly on the exam. He _____ harder.

A. must study

B. must have studied

C. should study

D. should have studied

5. He _____ ten lectures on American history, but he only gave two because of his illness.

A. had given

B. would given

C. must have given

D. should have given

6. We did hold a meeting yesterday, but you_______. So we did not inform you.

A did not need attending B. needn’t attending

C. did not need to attend

D. needn’t attend

7. We came early and had to wait two hours before the ceremony began. We __________.

A. should not hurry

B. must not have hurried

C. need not hurry

D. need not have hurried

8. “Have you paid your telephone bill?”

“No, but I________ yesterday.”

A. ought to pay it B: ought to have paid it

C. must pay it

D. must have paid it

9. He _____ pull down a bull and acknowledged as a man with superman strength.

A. used to be able to

B. would be able to

C. should be able to

D. might be able to