大学计算机基础课程总结 ppt课件
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Program
Input
Computer
Output
What’s computer
A computer’s power is derived from
❖ Speed ❖ Reliability ❖ Accuracy ❖ Storage ❖ Communications
Hardware
Von Neumann machine
▪ ALU ▪ Control Unit
❖ Memory
▪ RAM, ROM, CMOS, Cache ▪ All data and instructions must be loaded into RAM before they can
be executed
❖ Bus – data highway between devices ❖ Expansion slots/cards (扩展槽/卡) to add extra devices
❖Difference between these secondary storage
Software
Software Categories
❖System software
▪ To manage a computer system at a fundamental level ▪ Consists of the programs that control the operations of
❖Clock rate
▪ "frequency" for data transport and instruction execution
❖Word size
▪ number of bits the CPU can manipulate at one time
❖ Cache
▪ Cache is special high-speed memory that gives the CPU more rapid access to data
• 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭
• “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我 笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……”
• “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
考试安排
❖考题类型
▪ Term matching （5题 10分） ▪ Multiple choice （10题 20分） ▪ Completion （10题 10分） ▪ Computation （2题 12分） ▪ Flow chart （1题 8分）
❖Instruction set size
Hardware
Secondary Storage
❖ Slower ❖Communicate with memory (RAM) ❖Nonvolatile, permanent storage ❖ Cheap ❖ Includes:
▪ Floppy disk ▪ Hard disk ▪ Tape ▪ Optical disk – CD/DVD ▪ Flash disk
Summary
ppt课件
1
考试安排
❖时间
▪ 12月20日，周日上午，90分钟
❖课程答疑
▪ 12月16日（周三）晚11-12节；地点：1-106
❖平时作业
▪ 所有作业+实验报告必须在12月20日前全部在 在线教室提交
精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师？
• 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你 是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？
❖ Foundation of modern computers ❖ Use binary information ❖ The principle of stored program ❖ Two steps of a machine cycle: Instruction cycle and
execution cycle ❖ Five basic components
▪ video card, sound card, network card
❖ Port (端口) – a plug for a cable that leads to a device
▪ usb ports, RJ-45, VGA port for monitor
Hardware
CPU performance
the computer and its devices
• Operating system • Utility program
❖Application software
▪ To solve problems in the real world
Software
Operating system
❖ Programs/Software
▪ manage computer resources,
• Memory management • Process management • CPU scheduling
▪ provide an interface between users and the computer,
A computer is an electronic device which • operates under the control of stored instructions • accepts data input • processes the data according to specified rules • produces and stores output
Outline ❖Computer System
▪ Hardware ▪ Software ▪ Data representation in computer
❖源自文库etwork ❖Algorithm design ❖Database ❖Security
What’s computer
Definition
▪ Control Unit ▪ Arithmetic/logic Unit (ALU) ▪ Input devices ▪ Output devices ▪ Storage – primary and secondary storage
Hardware
System Unit (主机)
❖ Motherboard ❖ Processor – CPU
Input
Computer
Output
What’s computer
A computer’s power is derived from
❖ Speed ❖ Reliability ❖ Accuracy ❖ Storage ❖ Communications
Hardware
Von Neumann machine
▪ ALU ▪ Control Unit
❖ Memory
▪ RAM, ROM, CMOS, Cache ▪ All data and instructions must be loaded into RAM before they can
be executed
❖ Bus – data highway between devices ❖ Expansion slots/cards (扩展槽/卡) to add extra devices
❖Difference between these secondary storage
Software
Software Categories
❖System software
▪ To manage a computer system at a fundamental level ▪ Consists of the programs that control the operations of
❖Clock rate
▪ "frequency" for data transport and instruction execution
❖Word size
▪ number of bits the CPU can manipulate at one time
❖ Cache
▪ Cache is special high-speed memory that gives the CPU more rapid access to data
• 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭
• “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我 笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……”
• “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
考试安排
❖考题类型
▪ Term matching （5题 10分） ▪ Multiple choice （10题 20分） ▪ Completion （10题 10分） ▪ Computation （2题 12分） ▪ Flow chart （1题 8分）
❖Instruction set size
Hardware
Secondary Storage
❖ Slower ❖Communicate with memory (RAM) ❖Nonvolatile, permanent storage ❖ Cheap ❖ Includes:
▪ Floppy disk ▪ Hard disk ▪ Tape ▪ Optical disk – CD/DVD ▪ Flash disk
Summary
ppt课件
1
考试安排
❖时间
▪ 12月20日，周日上午，90分钟
❖课程答疑
▪ 12月16日（周三）晚11-12节；地点：1-106
❖平时作业
▪ 所有作业+实验报告必须在12月20日前全部在 在线教室提交
精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师？
• 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你 是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？
❖ Foundation of modern computers ❖ Use binary information ❖ The principle of stored program ❖ Two steps of a machine cycle: Instruction cycle and
execution cycle ❖ Five basic components
▪ video card, sound card, network card
❖ Port (端口) – a plug for a cable that leads to a device
▪ usb ports, RJ-45, VGA port for monitor
Hardware
CPU performance
the computer and its devices
• Operating system • Utility program
❖Application software
▪ To solve problems in the real world
Software
Operating system
❖ Programs/Software
▪ manage computer resources,
• Memory management • Process management • CPU scheduling
▪ provide an interface between users and the computer,
A computer is an electronic device which • operates under the control of stored instructions • accepts data input • processes the data according to specified rules • produces and stores output
Outline ❖Computer System
▪ Hardware ▪ Software ▪ Data representation in computer
❖源自文库etwork ❖Algorithm design ❖Database ❖Security
What’s computer
Definition
▪ Control Unit ▪ Arithmetic/logic Unit (ALU) ▪ Input devices ▪ Output devices ▪ Storage – primary and secondary storage
Hardware
System Unit (主机)
❖ Motherboard ❖ Processor – CPU