初中英语句子成分基本句型
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(2)The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人” 的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。
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★间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。
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宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式 或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一 起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。 (动名词短语作宾语)
★间接宾语加“for”的有:make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等
(1)I give him a book. 改成: (2)He passes me the book. 改成: (3)He writes me a letter. 改成: (4)He will buy me some books. 改成: (5)She is making me a cake. 改成:
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定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短 语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)
What’s your name?(代词) They make paper flowers.(名词) 说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。 如:I tell him something interesting. (形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语) He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语) 说明2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
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表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词 、不定式及名词或形容词短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 如:I am a teacher.(名词)
He is always happy.(形容词) They are on the playground now.(介词短语) It gets cold.(形容词)
句子成分 Members of a Sentence
1
*句子成分由词或词组充当
英语的基本成分有七种: _主__语__(__s_u_b_j_e_c_t_)__、__谓__语__(__p_r_e_d_i_c_a_t_e_)__、_____ _表__语__(__p_r_e_d_i_c_a_t_i_v_e_)__、__宾__语__(__o_b_j_e_c_t_)__、____ _定__语__(__a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_)__、___状__语__(_a_d_v_e_r_b_i_a_l_)_____ 和__补__语__(__c_o_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_)__。_____
5
说明1:宾语一般放在及物动词(vt.)。 及物动词+宾语(vt.) 不及物动词(vi.)+介词+宾语
说明2:有些及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟双宾语, 直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直 接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动 词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一 般放在直接宾语之前。 如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等 。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story.
如:The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room是 介词短语作the boys的后置定语。)
3
谓语
说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓 语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在 人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词作谓语)
We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动 词 和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动 词一起作谓语)
2
主语
表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或 相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is Βιβλιοθήκη Baiduarmful to the health. (动名词作主语 ) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不 定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句 作主语)
Be动词(am,is,are, was, were) 系动词 表保持(keep, stay, remain)
表改变(get, become, turn) 感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),
seem/look(看起来), taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来)) 如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语) We should all remain careful. (Remain为系动词, careful为表语)
6
★间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。
4
宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式 或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一 起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。 (动名词短语作宾语)
★间接宾语加“for”的有:make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等
(1)I give him a book. 改成: (2)He passes me the book. 改成: (3)He writes me a letter. 改成: (4)He will buy me some books. 改成: (5)She is making me a cake. 改成:
8
定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短 语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)
What’s your name?(代词) They make paper flowers.(名词) 说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。 如:I tell him something interesting. (形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语) He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语) 说明2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
7
表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词 、不定式及名词或形容词短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 如:I am a teacher.(名词)
He is always happy.(形容词) They are on the playground now.(介词短语) It gets cold.(形容词)
句子成分 Members of a Sentence
1
*句子成分由词或词组充当
英语的基本成分有七种: _主__语__(__s_u_b_j_e_c_t_)__、__谓__语__(__p_r_e_d_i_c_a_t_e_)__、_____ _表__语__(__p_r_e_d_i_c_a_t_i_v_e_)__、__宾__语__(__o_b_j_e_c_t_)__、____ _定__语__(__a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_)__、___状__语__(_a_d_v_e_r_b_i_a_l_)_____ 和__补__语__(__c_o_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_)__。_____
5
说明1:宾语一般放在及物动词(vt.)。 及物动词+宾语(vt.) 不及物动词(vi.)+介词+宾语
说明2:有些及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟双宾语, 直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直 接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动 词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一 般放在直接宾语之前。 如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等 。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story.
如:The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room是 介词短语作the boys的后置定语。)
3
谓语
说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓 语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在 人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词作谓语)
We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动 词 和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动 词一起作谓语)
2
主语
表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或 相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is Βιβλιοθήκη Baiduarmful to the health. (动名词作主语 ) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不 定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句 作主语)
Be动词(am,is,are, was, were) 系动词 表保持(keep, stay, remain)
表改变(get, become, turn) 感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),
seem/look(看起来), taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来)) 如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语) We should all remain careful. (Remain为系动词, careful为表语)