英语五种基本句型及一个特殊句式详解

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There came a knock at the door.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
2.谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.
3.有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一 致: There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were… 将来有 there will be…/there is /are going to be... 现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 过去一直有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
4.She seemed angry. 主语---系动词----表语
5.My father bought me a beautiful present. 主语---谓语---宾语---宾语
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed? 主语---谓语---宾语---宾语
7.Will you tell us an exciting story? 主语---谓语---宾语---补语
注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动 含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语 态。
1.The book sells well.
2.The window won't shut.
3.The pen writes smoothly.
4.Cheese cuts easily.
句型二 :主语+系动词+表语
巩固性练习
请判断下列句子的结构类型
1.He is running.
主语---谓语
2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him
angry.
主语---谓语---宾语---补语
3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions. 主语---谓语---宾语---宾语
注意:
在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把 真 正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常 是动词不定式或宾语从wenku.baidu.com。
1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析:it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,to
mention this to her是真正的宾语。
句型三:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
e.g. We are learning English . Do you know him ? Your radio needs repairing .
句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt. Give me the book, please.
8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean. 主语---谓语---宾语---补语
9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 主语---谓语---宾语---补语 主语---谓语---宾语---补语
10.Can you push the window open?
gray.
他头发变得灰白让他忧虑。
5.The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。
6.His plan turned out a success .他的计划终于 成功了。
注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语 的后面常常接不定式结构
I'm happy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example.
2.I think it best that you should stay with us. 分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you
should stay with us是真正的宾语。
There be 句型
说明:此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成, 用以表达存在有。 它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于 谓语动词 be 之后。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一 致,有时态和情态变化。如:
特别提醒
A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主 动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间 是被动关系。
B. 在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得), see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到), listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词 后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉”to”,但变为被 动语态时, 则要带”to”. e.g. We hear her sing next door. She is heard to sing next door .
1.He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
2.This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3.He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4.It worried her a bit that her hair was turning
The old man walks in the park .
特别提醒
动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动 词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表 示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时, 通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
英语句子可分为五种基本句型
1、主语——谓语 2、主语——系动词——表语 3、主语——谓语——宾语 4、主语——谓语——宾语——宾语 5、主语——谓语——宾语——补语
掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语 言打下良好的基础。
下面分别讲解这五种句型
句型一:主语+谓语(不及物动词)
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念, 不 需要宾语及补语, 但有时可有副词, 介词短语 等状语修饰语。 e.g. The rain stopped .
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to
be …
1. there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow, come,stand,sit,go, lie, remain, exist等不及物动 词:
Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.
句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词,
形容词,副词, 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语, 才能表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor. The news made us sad. She saw the thief steal into the shop . The teacher asked me to answer the question . I found the man stealing the money . I found my money stolen .
D • We ______ each other the best of luck in the examination.(1991)我们彼此祝愿考试幸运
• A. hoped B. wanted • C. expected D. wished
【分析】:each other the best of luck 两个都是宾语,能接双宾语的词只有wish
• 可以带双宾语的动词:
• 买卖关系: buy pay cost • 给予关系: give grant pass offer bring send • 借还关系: lend return owe wish • 说服关系: tell persuade • 命名选举关系:name call elect select • 其他关系: wish envy make
系动词
be动词am is are was were 持续系动词keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 表像系动词seem, appear, look 感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 变化系动词 become, grow, turn, get, go 终止系动词 prove, turn out
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