英汉互译课件 第一讲：翻译标准

【1译文】 天地之间，尔乃某人，某人心中，尔 乃天地。 【2译文】 我要去就是乌龟王八蛋。 【3译文】 他那九十高龄的父亲上周去世了。 【4译文】 臭名昭著的希特勒终于一命呜呼了。 【5译文】显然他正在物色下一任妻子。 【6译文】 她的秀发乌黑浓密，在阳光下光彩夺 目。她的 面庞皮肤滋润，五官端 正，在清秀的眉宇间还 有一双深邃 的黑眼 睛，使之极为楚楚动人。
佳列赏析
【例 1】To the world you are someone, to someone you are the world. 【例 2】 I’ll be damned if I will go.
【例 3】 His father passed away at an advanced age of ninety last week. 【例 4】 Notorious Hitler did kick the bucket at long last. 【例 5】He is obviously looking for another wife.
【例 6】 She had dark and abundant hair so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam, and a face which, besides being beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of complexion, had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes.
【7译文】 指出这些婴儿的末梢神经还可能受损，这项 研 究尚属首次。 【8译文】 一个民族的伟大并不取决于其人口的多寡， 正如一个人的伟大并不取决于他的身高。 【9译文】 我才不信什么鬼呀魂呀的。 【10译文】 土壤已全部脱落，被风吹走了。树根裸露 在外；树木就像光着屁股的人一样，难为情 地把树枝弯向地面。
4. Equivalence of response of source language readers and target language(原文读者反应与译文读者反应相对等）。
Warm-Up Exercise
【例 1】 A translator has to know everything of something and something of everything. 【译文1】 翻译人员对一些事情要什么都懂，对什么事情都要懂 一些。 【译文2】 翻译人员做学问，既要精深，又要渊博。 2】 We’d like to express our appreciation to you for all you’ve done for us in the trade. 【译文1】 我们对于你们在这笔交易中为我们所做的一切表示由 衷的感谢。 【译文2】本次交易，多蒙鼎力协助，不胜感激之至。 【例
【例12】 Soon after the room sinks into darkness, we can hear them coming out from the holes, sing with joy, greeting each other and discussing what to do. Then they begin to work. First, noises come from the bookshelves. They must be reading----a mouse in a famous university should be well educated; perhaps all of them are working hard at their studies. Then a sheet of paper drops on the ground. It may be an exam paper. Every one of them will have a hard time taking the exam. After a while, our bowls on the desk jingle. They must be hungry and want something to eat. Finally, they start singing their songs, warmly and happily, just like at a dancing party, which lasts the whole night. They damage almost everything of ours, from books to clothes, from toothpaste to cases. They affect our normal life, ruin our happy school days. They are our great enemy.
【例 12】Is there anything diwk.baidu.comficult for us to do in the world? If we do it, the difficult thing will become easy; if we don’t, the easy thing will become difficult. 【译文1】世界上有什么对我们来说是难的呢？如果我们去做，难 事将变得容易；如果我们不做，容易的事也会变难。 【译文2】天下事有难易乎？为之，则难者亦易矣；不为，则易者 亦难矣。 【例13】The person who knows how will always have a job. But the person who knows why will be his boss. 【译文1】知道如何做的人总能找到工作，可知道为什么的人会当 上他的老板。 【译文2】知其然者任事，知其所以然者任人。
【译文】 待寝室黑定，鼠儿们从洞中钻出，乐不可支地唱着，彼 此招呼，再讨论活计。接着，鼠儿们便开始工作。书架方 向先有声响传来，它们一定是在阅读，身居名牌大学的鼠 儿们当然也应该是一群饱学之士，也许它们个个都在埋头 苦读。接着，一张纸片掉落地上，是一张试卷吧，说不定 鼠儿们正在愁眉苦脸地应试呢！过了一会，桌上的碗碟开 始叮当作响：鼠儿们定是饿了，想找点什么果腹。餐后， 它们又开始唱歌，气氛既热烈又欢快，好似在举办舞会— —一个通宵达旦的舞会。 鼠，毁坏了我们的一切，从书本到衣物，从牙膏到箱 子。鼠，干扰了我们的正常生活，破坏了我们的幸福校园 生活。鼠啊鼠，我们的仇敌！
【例11】We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills… 【译文】我们将坚持到最后，我们将在法国国土上作战，将在各 处海洋上作战，我们的空中力量将越战越有信心，越战越 强；我们将在滩头作战，在敌人登陆地作战，在乡村田 野、城市街头作战，我们将在群山中作战……
【例 3】 He Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl. 【译文1】 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 【译文2】 与狼做伴，就要学会狼嚎。
【例 4】The time will come when the diesel engine will go out of use and the nuclear engine will be substituted for it. 【译文1】 柴油引擎被淘汰，使用核引擎的时候即将来临。 【译文2】 总有一天，柴油机会受到淘汰，而代之以核发动机。 【例 5】The Agreement is executed in Chinese. If necessary, it may be translated into English. 【译文1】 本协议以中文签署。需要时，可译成英文。 【译文2】 本协议签署的文本是中文文本。需要时，可译成英 文。
【例
6】 Many of these fine products are in stock, ready for your order. 【译文1】 许多优良产品都有现货，随时准备你来定货。 【译文2】 上述多种优质产品备有现货，欢迎订购。
【例 7】 If an information is translated well, it seems never translated at all. 【译文1】真正的好译文就好像是没有经过翻译一样。 【译文2】 译技精湛时，出神入化也。 【例 8】 Clear or cloudy skies may continue for the next week in the city. 【译文1】本市下周将保持晴天或多云交错的天气。 【译文2】 本市下周将保持晴间多云的天气。
2. Equivalence of cultural message of source language and target language(原文的文化信息与译文的文化信息对等）； 3. Equivalence of stylistic message of source language and target language(原文的风格信息与译文的风格信息对等）；
【例 7】 This is the first study to show that these infants may suffer peripheral nerve damage as well. 【例 8】 The greatness of a people is no more determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height. 【例 9】 I don’t believe in all that stuff about ghosts.
【例 10】 The soil had been stripped off and blown away, so the tree roots were left naked; the tree bowed their limbs to the ground in embarrassment, like humans whose bottoms were exposed.
Chapter I
翻译标准
Translation Criteria
Language is from communication, is in communication and for communication.
翻译标准
4Es 1. Equivalence of semantic message of source language and target language(原文的语义信息与译文的语义信息对等);
【例 9】The stock market is expected to bottom out at the end of this month. 【译文1】 股票市场可望本月月底停止下跌并随即回升。 【译文2】 股市可望本月末进入触底反弹阶段。
【例 10】I’ll do a lot for love, but I’m not ready to die for it. 【译文1】为了爱，我愿意付出很多，但我还不打算为它死去。 【译文2】情爱诚销魂，生命价更高。 【例 11】Don’t do unto others what you don’t want others do unto you. 【译文1】不要对别人做那些你不想别人对你做的事情。 【译文2】己所不欲，勿施于人。