人教版高一英语BOOK 4 UNIT 4 语法 Ving 形式作定语状语详讲

Book 4 Unit 4 Grammar: Ving Form used as

Attribute (定语)and Adverbial(状语)

再讲：动词Ving作定语

1.单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：

reading room 阅览室swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车 sleeping car 卧车

falling leaves 正在落的叶子waiting room 候车室developing countries 发展中国家

2.-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。动词ing形式与被修饰的名词构成___________关系。若是表示正在进行时的被动，则用_______________。

1. The man who is standing there is our monitor.

→The man standing there is our monitor.

2.I am interested in the topic which is being discussed now.

→I am interested in the topic being discussed now.

他们住在一座朝南(face south)的房子里。They are living in _____________________________. 在建的建筑是给老师们的。___________________________is intended for the teachers.

3.-ing分词还可以作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。

1.Another student and I, who represented the student association, went to meet the international students.

→Another student and I, representing the student association, went to meet the international students.

2.Mr. Li, who teaches us English, comes from Britain.

→Mr. Li, teaching us English, comes from Britain.

他那个当老师(work as a teacher)的哥哥住在北京。His brother, ___________________, lives in Bj.

动词Ving作状语

一、时间状语

1.When he heard the good news, he jumped with great joy.

→When hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.

→Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.

2.When they caught sight of the monster, they immediately screamed.

→When catching sight of the monster(怪兽), they immediately screamed.

→Catching sight of the monster, they immediately screamed.

3.Before he starts the war, the king spoke to the prince.

→Before starting the war, the king spoke the prince.

从例1和例2看出，在由________, ________引导的时间状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语_____________时，可以省略从句中的__________,同时把从句中的_______动词改为_________形式，引导词_________, ___________可留可不留。

引导时间状语从句的引导词还有______________________________________。

3.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

→When walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

→Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

从例3看出，当时间状语从句是“引导词+_______ +________+ __________”时，并且从句的_________与主句的________一致时，可以省略从句中的_______和_________, 引导词______________。

4.When I am happy, I will sing a song.

→When happy, I will sing a song.

→Being happy, I will sing a song.

对比例3和例4，当时间状语从句是“引导词+_______ +________+________”时，并且从句的

_________与主句的________一致时，可以省略从句中的_______和_________, 这是引导词需要________。或者省略_________和从句的_________, 把_______变成________形式。

Ex. 1 改写下面的句子。

1.After we climbed to the top of Eiffel Tower, we saw a beautiful landscape.

____________________________________________________________

2. Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study.

____________________________________________________________

3.While he was riding a bike, he fell down to the ground.

____________________________________________________________

Ex. 2 用Ving形式完成下列句子

1.往窗外看时，我看见孩子们在踢足球。

____________________________, I watched some children playing football.

2.等公车的时候，他看了一份报纸。

___________________________, he read a piece of newspaper.

Ex. 3 运用Ving形式充当时间状语翻译下面的句子。

1.看着这些照片，他想起了他的童年。___________________________________________________

2.看见老师走进教室，学生们都站起来了。_______________________________________________

二、条件状语

1. If you use your head, you will have a good idea.

→Using your head, you will have a good idea.

2.If you turn to the left, you will find a house whose gate faces east.

→Turning to the left, you will find a house whose gate faces east.

从例1和例2看出，在由________的条件状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语__________时，可以省略_________和从句中的_________,同时把从句中的_______动词改为_________形式，这时动词_________形式充当条件状语。

三、原因状语

1.Because he saw nobody at home, he decided to leave a message.

→Sawing nobody at home, he decided to leave a message.

2.Because she was ill, she didn’t attend the class.

→Being ill, she didn’t attend the class.

3.Since you are a student, yo u should study hard.

→Being a student, you should study hard.

从例1和例2、例3看出，在由________，_________，__________的原因状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语_____________时，可以省略__________和从句中的__________,同时把从句中的_______动词改为_________形式，这时动词_________形式充当原因状语。

四、让步状语（虽然...但是...）

1.Though he worked very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.

→Working very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.

2.Although he is young, the little boy knows a lot about computer.

→Being young, the little boy knows a lot about computer.

从例1和例2看出，在由________和__________的让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语_____________时，可以省略__________和从句中的__________,同时把从句中的_______动词改为_________形式，这时动词_________形式充当让步状语。

Ex. 1 改写下面的句子

1.If we heat the water, we can change it into vapor.

___________________________________________________________________

2.Because he was too excited, he was unable to speak a word.

___________________________________________________________________