真三维显示技术
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真三维显示
商用的3D显示设备
Nintendo 3DS E3 2010
MasterImage 3D Computex 2011
Asus Eee Pad MeMO 3D LG Optimus 3D Computex 2011 Mobile World Congress 2011
Toshiba 3DTV Prototype CES 2011
(uniform array of 1D slits or 2D pinhole arrays)
集成成像 Integral Imaging 多平面底片 Multi-planar
(lenticular sheets or fly’s eye lenslet arrays)
裸眼显示设备 Unencumbered Automultiscopic
单目深度感知
传统显示设备提供的单目深度暗示
相对并且相似的大小 透视与遮挡 纹理梯度、光照颜色与大气效果
单目深度感知
更多的单目深度暗示
运动视差[Hermann von Helmholtz, 1866] 对焦
双目深度暗示
“It being thus established that the mind perceives an object of three dimensions by means of the two dissimilar pictures projected by it on the two retinae, the following question occurs: What would be the visual effect of simultaneously presenting to each eye, instead of the object itself, its projection on a plane surface as it appears to that eye?”
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
基于空域的像素重用
沉浸式 Immersive
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
• 1853 Earliest Anaglyph photographs
http://courses.ncssm.edu/gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit01.htm
Leonardo DaVinci had realized that two images would be needed for stereo viewing, but never created a 3D painting
基于时域的像素重用 Temporally-multiplexed (field-sequential)
(LCD shutter glasses)
视差式 Parallax-based
(2D display with light-directing elements)
视差光栅 Parallax Barriers
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
穿透式 See-through
(superimposes synthetic images onto real world)
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
基于空域的像素重用 Spatially-multiplexed (field-concurrent)
• Colorized stereoscopic photos • T. Enami, Japan ca. 1895
课程内容
• 心理学：深度感知
• 3D显示发展历史 • 3D显示设备原理 • 3D内容生成 • 当前最新的进展
课程内容
• 3D显示设备原理
– 3D显示设备分类
3D显示设备分类
沉浸式 Immersive
视差光栅 Parallax Barriers
(uniform array of 1D slits or 2D pinhole arrays)
裸眼显示设备 Unencumbered Automultiscopic
体绘制 Volumetric
(directly illuminate points within a volume)
magiceye.com
Ponzo Illusion: © Walt Anthony 2006
视觉系统的非线性性
• 人类的视觉系统能够忽视一些冲突的暗示 以及缺失的深度信息 • 从单目的视频中理解深度 • 从“噪声”中感知形状
magiceye.com
Ponzo Illusion: © Walt Anthony 2006
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
基于空域的像素重用 Spatially-multiplexed (field-concurrent)
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
(color filters, polarizers, autostereograms, etc.)
全息 Holographic
(reconstructs wavefront using 2D element)
集成成像
Alioscopy 3DHD 42'' (1920x1200, 1x8 views)
视差式 Parallax-based
(2D display with light-directing elements)
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
体绘制 Volumetric
(directly illuminate points within a volume)
课程内容
• 心理学：深度感知
• 3D显示发展历史 • 3D显示设备原理 • 3D内容生成 • 当前最新的进展
课程内容
• 心理学：深度感知
• 3D显示发展历史 • 3D显示设备原理 • 3D内容生成 • 总结与展望
单目深度感知
源自文库
传统显示设备提供的单目深度暗示
相对并且相似的大小 透视与遮挡 纹理梯度、光照颜色与大气效果
体绘制 Volumetric
(directly illuminate points within a volume)
(time-sequential projection onto swept surfaces)
透明底片 Transparent Substrates
(intersecting laser beams, fog layers, etc.)
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
穿透式 See-through
(superimposes synthetic images onto real world)
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
(color filters, polarizers, autostereograms, etc.)
基于时域的像素重用 Temporally-multiplexed (field-sequential)
Sony 3DTV Prototype CES 2011
LG 3DTV Prototype CES 2011
课程目标
• 理解人的视觉系统如何感知深度？ • 3D显示设备的历史 • 两类不同原理的3D显示设备
– 基于眼镜的显示设备 – 裸眼3D显示
• 如何生成3D数据 • 当前最新的进展
Unmodified LCD Lenticular Sheet
课程内容
• 心理学：深度感知
• 3D显示发展历史 • 3D显示设备原理 • 3D内容生成 • 当前最新的进展
早期历史
• 1838 Wheatstone Stereoscopes
– 1848 Brewseter – 1881 Popularized by Oliver Wendell Holmes
视差光栅 Parallax Barriers
(uniform array of 1D slits or 2D pinhole arrays)
集成成像 Integral Imaging
(lenticular sheets or fly’s eye lenslet arrays)
裸眼显示设备 Unencumbered Automultiscopic
双目深度感知
• 双目获得的深度暗示
– 汇聚 – 立体视觉 • 这是我们本次课程需要谈到的内容 • 大脑通过双目获得的视差来决定深度 • 这使得，我们可以通过给每只眼睛生成对应 的深度暗示来让人们获得立体视觉
视觉系统的非线性性
• 人类的视觉系统能够自动补充缺失的深度 信息 • 从单目的视频中理解深度 • 从“噪声”中感知形状
全息 Holographic
(reconstructs wavefront using 2D element) Taxonomy adapted from Hong Hua
静态全息 Static
(holographic films)
动态全息 Dynamic
(holovideo)
头戴显示器
沉浸式 Immersive
Viewmaster 1939-Today Equivalent
20世纪
• 1908 Lippmann, 集成显示 • 1934 偏振眼镜 • 1950s 立体照片与偏振眼镜开始流行
老照片
American Civil War-era stereoscopic photos
老照片
http://www.howtobearetronaut.com//2010/06/old-japanin-3d
(LCD shutter glasses)
基于时域的像素重用
沉浸式 Immersive
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
穿透式 See-through
(superimposes synthetic images onto real world)
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
基于空域的像素重用 Spatially-multiplexed (field-concurrent)
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
(color filters, polarizers, autostereograms, etc.)
穿透式头戴显示器
沉浸式 Immersive
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
穿透式 See-through
(superimposes synthetic images onto real world)
基于时域的像素重用 Temporally-multiplexed (field-sequential)
(LCD shutter glasses)
视差光栅
NewSight MV-42AD3 42'' (1920x1080, 1x8 views)
视差式 Parallax-based
(2D display with light-directing elements)
商用的3D显示设备
Nintendo 3DS E3 2010
MasterImage 3D Computex 2011
Asus Eee Pad MeMO 3D LG Optimus 3D Computex 2011 Mobile World Congress 2011
Toshiba 3DTV Prototype CES 2011
(uniform array of 1D slits or 2D pinhole arrays)
集成成像 Integral Imaging 多平面底片 Multi-planar
(lenticular sheets or fly’s eye lenslet arrays)
裸眼显示设备 Unencumbered Automultiscopic
单目深度感知
传统显示设备提供的单目深度暗示
相对并且相似的大小 透视与遮挡 纹理梯度、光照颜色与大气效果
单目深度感知
更多的单目深度暗示
运动视差[Hermann von Helmholtz, 1866] 对焦
双目深度暗示
“It being thus established that the mind perceives an object of three dimensions by means of the two dissimilar pictures projected by it on the two retinae, the following question occurs: What would be the visual effect of simultaneously presenting to each eye, instead of the object itself, its projection on a plane surface as it appears to that eye?”
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
基于空域的像素重用
沉浸式 Immersive
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
• 1853 Earliest Anaglyph photographs
http://courses.ncssm.edu/gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit01.htm
Leonardo DaVinci had realized that two images would be needed for stereo viewing, but never created a 3D painting
基于时域的像素重用 Temporally-multiplexed (field-sequential)
(LCD shutter glasses)
视差式 Parallax-based
(2D display with light-directing elements)
视差光栅 Parallax Barriers
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
穿透式 See-through
(superimposes synthetic images onto real world)
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
基于空域的像素重用 Spatially-multiplexed (field-concurrent)
• Colorized stereoscopic photos • T. Enami, Japan ca. 1895
课程内容
• 心理学：深度感知
• 3D显示发展历史 • 3D显示设备原理 • 3D内容生成 • 当前最新的进展
课程内容
• 3D显示设备原理
– 3D显示设备分类
3D显示设备分类
沉浸式 Immersive
视差光栅 Parallax Barriers
(uniform array of 1D slits or 2D pinhole arrays)
裸眼显示设备 Unencumbered Automultiscopic
体绘制 Volumetric
(directly illuminate points within a volume)
magiceye.com
Ponzo Illusion: © Walt Anthony 2006
视觉系统的非线性性
• 人类的视觉系统能够忽视一些冲突的暗示 以及缺失的深度信息 • 从单目的视频中理解深度 • 从“噪声”中感知形状
magiceye.com
Ponzo Illusion: © Walt Anthony 2006
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
基于空域的像素重用 Spatially-multiplexed (field-concurrent)
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
(color filters, polarizers, autostereograms, etc.)
全息 Holographic
(reconstructs wavefront using 2D element)
集成成像
Alioscopy 3DHD 42'' (1920x1200, 1x8 views)
视差式 Parallax-based
(2D display with light-directing elements)
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
体绘制 Volumetric
(directly illuminate points within a volume)
课程内容
• 心理学：深度感知
• 3D显示发展历史 • 3D显示设备原理 • 3D内容生成 • 当前最新的进展
课程内容
• 心理学：深度感知
• 3D显示发展历史 • 3D显示设备原理 • 3D内容生成 • 总结与展望
单目深度感知
源自文库
传统显示设备提供的单目深度暗示
相对并且相似的大小 透视与遮挡 纹理梯度、光照颜色与大气效果
体绘制 Volumetric
(directly illuminate points within a volume)
(time-sequential projection onto swept surfaces)
透明底片 Transparent Substrates
(intersecting laser beams, fog layers, etc.)
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
穿透式 See-through
(superimposes synthetic images onto real world)
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
(color filters, polarizers, autostereograms, etc.)
基于时域的像素重用 Temporally-multiplexed (field-sequential)
Sony 3DTV Prototype CES 2011
LG 3DTV Prototype CES 2011
课程目标
• 理解人的视觉系统如何感知深度？ • 3D显示设备的历史 • 两类不同原理的3D显示设备
– 基于眼镜的显示设备 – 裸眼3D显示
• 如何生成3D数据 • 当前最新的进展
Unmodified LCD Lenticular Sheet
课程内容
• 心理学：深度感知
• 3D显示发展历史 • 3D显示设备原理 • 3D内容生成 • 当前最新的进展
早期历史
• 1838 Wheatstone Stereoscopes
– 1848 Brewseter – 1881 Popularized by Oliver Wendell Holmes
视差光栅 Parallax Barriers
(uniform array of 1D slits or 2D pinhole arrays)
集成成像 Integral Imaging
(lenticular sheets or fly’s eye lenslet arrays)
裸眼显示设备 Unencumbered Automultiscopic
双目深度感知
• 双目获得的深度暗示
– 汇聚 – 立体视觉 • 这是我们本次课程需要谈到的内容 • 大脑通过双目获得的视差来决定深度 • 这使得，我们可以通过给每只眼睛生成对应 的深度暗示来让人们获得立体视觉
视觉系统的非线性性
• 人类的视觉系统能够自动补充缺失的深度 信息 • 从单目的视频中理解深度 • 从“噪声”中感知形状
全息 Holographic
(reconstructs wavefront using 2D element) Taxonomy adapted from Hong Hua
静态全息 Static
(holographic films)
动态全息 Dynamic
(holovideo)
头戴显示器
沉浸式 Immersive
Viewmaster 1939-Today Equivalent
20世纪
• 1908 Lippmann, 集成显示 • 1934 偏振眼镜 • 1950s 立体照片与偏振眼镜开始流行
老照片
American Civil War-era stereoscopic photos
老照片
http://www.howtobearetronaut.com//2010/06/old-japanin-3d
(LCD shutter glasses)
基于时域的像素重用
沉浸式 Immersive
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
穿透式 See-through
(superimposes synthetic images onto real world)
基于眼镜 的显示设备 Glasses-bound Stereoscopic
基于空域的像素重用 Spatially-multiplexed (field-concurrent)
像素重用 multi-pixels
(stereo pair with same display surface)
(color filters, polarizers, autostereograms, etc.)
穿透式头戴显示器
沉浸式 Immersive
头戴式 head mounted
(eyepiece-objective and microdisplay)
(blocks direct-viewing of real world)
穿透式 See-through
(superimposes synthetic images onto real world)
基于时域的像素重用 Temporally-multiplexed (field-sequential)
(LCD shutter glasses)
视差光栅
NewSight MV-42AD3 42'' (1920x1080, 1x8 views)
视差式 Parallax-based
(2D display with light-directing elements)