商标合理使用的案例研究
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第三章是关于商标合理使用部分理论问题的论述，主要分析了商标合理使用的对象、分类以及“混淆可能”与合理使用的关系等三个方面。本文认为，“商标合理使用”实质上是“商标法上的合理使用”。就叙述性合理使用而言，其对象并非权利人的商标，而是使用人自己自有权利或是公共领域词汇。在商标合理使用类型划分方面，本文主张以是否为商标性使用为依据，可将合理使用分为：叙述性合理使用、指示性合理使用。在“混淆可能”与合理使用的关系上，本文以合理使用理论、立法实践在国内外的发展脉络为基础，分析美国法院在2004年至2009年间几起案件中判案思路，认为无论是何种类型合理使用，均不宜将“不存在混淆”纳入构成要件，特别是在商标法第三次修改后，混淆若成为商标侵权的必要前提，则“混淆可能”不必然排除合理使用的适用。
第一章是合理使用有关案例的实证分析。本文为能较全面地体现商标合理使用制度在我国司法实践中运用情况，特收集了50个相关案例考察分析。第一节将对这50个案件的判决书进行系统梳理，对实务界在运用商标合理使用制度现状进行分析后，本文认为目前存在制度缺乏统一判断标准、现有相关法律规范效力较低以及实践中对合理使用适用前提有所误读等问题。第二节对我国学者关于商标合理使用的主要理论研究成果进行考察，分析了商标合理使用理论的研究现状，指出部分学者在研究中存在的误读商标合理使用对象及构成要件等问题。
知识产权法
指导教师
王莲峰教授
论文提交日期
2010年4月27日
商标合理使用理论问题研究
——以50个典型案例判决为研究视角
（硕士论文摘要）
专业：民商法学
研究方向：知识产权法
作者姓名：薛斯佳
指导老师：王莲峰 教授
作为商标权利限制的一项重要内容，商标合理使用是指在一定条件下使用与他人商标相同或相似的标识，不被视为商标侵权的一类行为。商标合理使用制度产生源于商标专有权利的过度扩张妨碍了他人行使社会公共权利的社会现象。为了平衡商标权人与公众之间的利益，学者提出了商标合理使用理论并使其在司法实践中不断修正与完善，力图达成既保护商标的专有性，又维护构成商标词汇社会共享属性的制度本意。本文通过对国内外部分案例及主要理论学说的分析和讨论，指出目前在商标合理使用领域理论与实践方面存在的不足，并针对具体问题提出相应的解决方法。最终在此基础上对完善我国商标合理使用制度提出制度构想和具体的立法建议。围绕商标合理使用目前存在的相关问题，本文分为四章进行具体研究：
Research Field: Intellectual Property Law
Author: Xue Sijia
Supervisor: Wang Lianfeng Professor
As an important part of the theory oflimitation totrademark right, Trademark Fair Use refers to the conduct, using the identical or similar marks, not deemed as trademark infringement under a certain conditions. The Trademark Fair Usetheoryderives fromthe society phenomenon: the exclusive rights ofregisteredtrademark have expended so widely that may block other members to perform their social rights. In order to balance the interests between trademark owners and public people, the theory of trademark fair use has been put forward, continually revised and improved through the judicial practice, trying hard to reach the real intention of the theory that not only protect the trademark exclusive rightsbut also safeguard the sharing nature of the social words. The article points out there are some shortages existed in theory and practice areas ofTrademark Fair Use by analyzing and discussing cases and doctrines at home and abroad, and submits the relevant solutions to specific problems. At the end of this article, there are some suggestions for building ourTrademark Fair Use system. There are four parts in this paper to discuss theexistedproblems at present.
ChapterⅣis about the legislative suggestions of building and proving the domestic trademark fair use system. The scope of application in present regulations is not wide enough, and the less specific stipulation is also the problem. This paper raises the corresponding solutions for problems above and drafts the specific clauses consulting with domestic and overseas legislations and some scholars’ propositions.
第四章是关于制定和完善我国商标合理使用制度的立法建议。该部分通过观察我国合理使用立法现状，指出现行法规条例存在适用范围狭窄、立法规定简单及合理使用概念不明等现象。针对上述问题，本文在立法模式、内容选择上提出相应解决办法。最后参考国外立法及多位学者立法建议稿，草拟出商标合理使用及其构成要件的具体条文。
ChapterⅡis about the application premise. The application premise of trademark fair use should include two parts: the conduct of using marks should meet the needs of the external form of trademark infringement,and the user should have a right of use on the marks at some extent. To the latter premise, the validity of enterprise’s name and other factorsshould be examined initially.
[关键词]商标合理使用 适用前提 叙述性合理使用 指示性合理使用
ON THEORETIC ISSUSES OF TRADEMARK FAIR USE
——Analyzing the Judgments of 50 Typical Cases
（Abstract）
Major：Civil and Commercial Law
ChapterⅠis to analysis the cases concerning with the fair use. To show the domestic practice conditions of trademark fair use well, 50 relevant internal cases are collected. After regulating and studying the cases and the present theories, someproblemsarefound, for example lack of the unified judging standard, the less effectiveness of existing law and regulations or misunderstanding to the application premise of trademark fair use. And there are the misunderstandings to the object and essential factor of trademark fair use in this research.
学校代码：
10276
学 号：
071050238
EastChinaUniversityof Political Science and Law
硕士学位论文
MASTER‛S THESIS
论文题目：
商来自百度文库合理使用理论问题研究
——以50个典型案例判决为研究视角
姓名
薛斯佳
学科、专业
民商法学（全日制硕士）
研究方向
ChapterⅢis about the theoretic issues of trademark fair use, including the object and types of the trademark fair use, the relationship between likelihood ofconsumerconfuse and fair use. TrademarkFairUse in essence is the fair use on the trademark law. The object of Descriptive Fair Use is not the owner’s trademark but the rights the user had and the words in the public area. Trademark fair use can be classified with two types:DescriptiveFairUse andNominativeFairUse, according to whether the mark using is in the trademark sense. On the problem of the relation between likelihood of confuse and fair use, reviewing American judicial practice during 2004 to 2009, likelihood of confuse can be coexisted with fair use. If confuse becomes the essential term, especially after the third revising of the Trademark Law, the likelihood of confuse will not exclude the defense of trademark fair use.
第二章是讨论商标合理使用的适用前提。针对上文中发现的商标适用前提问题进行分析，提出合理使用制度的应以行为外观存在侵权可能、抗辩权人对标识有使用依据两项内容为适用前提。在分析“抗辩权人对标识有使用依据”这一前提时，本文认为应针对企业名称、地名商标及通用名称案件的不同特点，先行判断企业名称合法性、审查地名商标权利及认定通用名称。
第一章是合理使用有关案例的实证分析。本文为能较全面地体现商标合理使用制度在我国司法实践中运用情况，特收集了50个相关案例考察分析。第一节将对这50个案件的判决书进行系统梳理，对实务界在运用商标合理使用制度现状进行分析后，本文认为目前存在制度缺乏统一判断标准、现有相关法律规范效力较低以及实践中对合理使用适用前提有所误读等问题。第二节对我国学者关于商标合理使用的主要理论研究成果进行考察，分析了商标合理使用理论的研究现状，指出部分学者在研究中存在的误读商标合理使用对象及构成要件等问题。
知识产权法
指导教师
王莲峰教授
论文提交日期
2010年4月27日
商标合理使用理论问题研究
——以50个典型案例判决为研究视角
（硕士论文摘要）
专业：民商法学
研究方向：知识产权法
作者姓名：薛斯佳
指导老师：王莲峰 教授
作为商标权利限制的一项重要内容，商标合理使用是指在一定条件下使用与他人商标相同或相似的标识，不被视为商标侵权的一类行为。商标合理使用制度产生源于商标专有权利的过度扩张妨碍了他人行使社会公共权利的社会现象。为了平衡商标权人与公众之间的利益，学者提出了商标合理使用理论并使其在司法实践中不断修正与完善，力图达成既保护商标的专有性，又维护构成商标词汇社会共享属性的制度本意。本文通过对国内外部分案例及主要理论学说的分析和讨论，指出目前在商标合理使用领域理论与实践方面存在的不足，并针对具体问题提出相应的解决方法。最终在此基础上对完善我国商标合理使用制度提出制度构想和具体的立法建议。围绕商标合理使用目前存在的相关问题，本文分为四章进行具体研究：
Research Field: Intellectual Property Law
Author: Xue Sijia
Supervisor: Wang Lianfeng Professor
As an important part of the theory oflimitation totrademark right, Trademark Fair Use refers to the conduct, using the identical or similar marks, not deemed as trademark infringement under a certain conditions. The Trademark Fair Usetheoryderives fromthe society phenomenon: the exclusive rights ofregisteredtrademark have expended so widely that may block other members to perform their social rights. In order to balance the interests between trademark owners and public people, the theory of trademark fair use has been put forward, continually revised and improved through the judicial practice, trying hard to reach the real intention of the theory that not only protect the trademark exclusive rightsbut also safeguard the sharing nature of the social words. The article points out there are some shortages existed in theory and practice areas ofTrademark Fair Use by analyzing and discussing cases and doctrines at home and abroad, and submits the relevant solutions to specific problems. At the end of this article, there are some suggestions for building ourTrademark Fair Use system. There are four parts in this paper to discuss theexistedproblems at present.
ChapterⅣis about the legislative suggestions of building and proving the domestic trademark fair use system. The scope of application in present regulations is not wide enough, and the less specific stipulation is also the problem. This paper raises the corresponding solutions for problems above and drafts the specific clauses consulting with domestic and overseas legislations and some scholars’ propositions.
第四章是关于制定和完善我国商标合理使用制度的立法建议。该部分通过观察我国合理使用立法现状，指出现行法规条例存在适用范围狭窄、立法规定简单及合理使用概念不明等现象。针对上述问题，本文在立法模式、内容选择上提出相应解决办法。最后参考国外立法及多位学者立法建议稿，草拟出商标合理使用及其构成要件的具体条文。
ChapterⅡis about the application premise. The application premise of trademark fair use should include two parts: the conduct of using marks should meet the needs of the external form of trademark infringement,and the user should have a right of use on the marks at some extent. To the latter premise, the validity of enterprise’s name and other factorsshould be examined initially.
[关键词]商标合理使用 适用前提 叙述性合理使用 指示性合理使用
ON THEORETIC ISSUSES OF TRADEMARK FAIR USE
——Analyzing the Judgments of 50 Typical Cases
（Abstract）
Major：Civil and Commercial Law
ChapterⅠis to analysis the cases concerning with the fair use. To show the domestic practice conditions of trademark fair use well, 50 relevant internal cases are collected. After regulating and studying the cases and the present theories, someproblemsarefound, for example lack of the unified judging standard, the less effectiveness of existing law and regulations or misunderstanding to the application premise of trademark fair use. And there are the misunderstandings to the object and essential factor of trademark fair use in this research.
学校代码：
10276
学 号：
071050238
EastChinaUniversityof Political Science and Law
硕士学位论文
MASTER‛S THESIS
论文题目：
商来自百度文库合理使用理论问题研究
——以50个典型案例判决为研究视角
姓名
薛斯佳
学科、专业
民商法学（全日制硕士）
研究方向
ChapterⅢis about the theoretic issues of trademark fair use, including the object and types of the trademark fair use, the relationship between likelihood ofconsumerconfuse and fair use. TrademarkFairUse in essence is the fair use on the trademark law. The object of Descriptive Fair Use is not the owner’s trademark but the rights the user had and the words in the public area. Trademark fair use can be classified with two types:DescriptiveFairUse andNominativeFairUse, according to whether the mark using is in the trademark sense. On the problem of the relation between likelihood of confuse and fair use, reviewing American judicial practice during 2004 to 2009, likelihood of confuse can be coexisted with fair use. If confuse becomes the essential term, especially after the third revising of the Trademark Law, the likelihood of confuse will not exclude the defense of trademark fair use.
第二章是讨论商标合理使用的适用前提。针对上文中发现的商标适用前提问题进行分析，提出合理使用制度的应以行为外观存在侵权可能、抗辩权人对标识有使用依据两项内容为适用前提。在分析“抗辩权人对标识有使用依据”这一前提时，本文认为应针对企业名称、地名商标及通用名称案件的不同特点，先行判断企业名称合法性、审查地名商标权利及认定通用名称。