高考语法填空(定语从句专项练习)知识交流

高考语法填空(定语从句专项练习)

定语从句讲与练

一、定语的概念：

定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：

(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl （）three boys （） a shoe factory （）

Jim’s father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car

（）

the man standing at the door （）the man who is talking with Sam （）

二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

2. 定语从句的主要特征：

（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；

（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；

（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的”

三、定语从句的基本用法：

（一）关系代词引导的定语从句

1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 分析：关系词who 在从句中作主语。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作

________。

You needn’t talk to the people who you don’t like talking to. 分析：关系词______在从句中作________。

2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

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Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：关系词_____ 在从句中作________。

Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。

分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 分析：关系词____在从句中作________

He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 译成汉语：

_________________________________

分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。

I lost the book whose cover was blue. 分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。We live in a house whose windows face the south. 译成汉

语:_________________________

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.＝The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?＝Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词＝ ___________________________ 4．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作

________。

The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 分析：关系词______在从句中作________。

He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 译成汉

语:____________________

分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

The house which is by the lake looks nice. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作

________。

This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 译成汉语：

___________________________

分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

5．that引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

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