基于单片机的压力容器检测装置设计本科

基于单片机的压力容器检测装置设计本科

基于单片机的压力容器检测装置设计

摘要

压力容器是化肥、炼油、化工、医药、有机合成等行业使用的主要生产设备，是一种可能引起爆炸或中毒等危害性较大事故的特种设备。压力容器的爆炸事故除受物理或化学诱因导致容器内的压力超过了它的实际承载极限而超压引爆外，容器材质、制造工艺、检测检验等对压力容器防爆也产生至重要的影响，有效地控制这些环节，加强检测检验把关，则可大大地减少或杜绝这类事故发生，保证容器的安全运行。本文的主要工作是研究与设计一种基于AT89S51的压力容器检测装置，使之应用于在役压力容器的检测工作，在实际中具有非常广阔的应用前景。本文详细阐述了基于单片机的压力容器检测装置的硬件组成、软件设计及相关的接口电路设计。此压力容器检测装置主要由金属电阻应变片、测量放大器、A/D 转换器、单片机、LCD显示组成。首先通过金属电阻应变片将被测容器的形变转换成电信号，然后用测量放大器将该电信号变换到 A/D 转换电路的最大输入范围内，此放大后的信号经低通滤波器滤波后输入A/D 转换电路，A/D 转换电路输出的数字信号进入单片机，经单片机对信号进行简单处理后用LCD显示出来。

关键词：压力容器，单片机，传感器

Microcontroller-based Design of Pressure Vessel Testing

Equipment

ABSTRACT

Pressure vessel of fertilizer, oil refining, chemical, pharmaceutical, organic synthesis and other industries use the main production equipment, is likely to cause an explosion or poisoning incidents harmful large special equipment. In addition to pressure vessel explosion accidents caused by physical or chemical inducement pressure within the container exceeds the limit of its actual bearing overpressure detonation, the container materials, manufacturing processes, testing and inspection of pressure vessels also produce proof to the important influence effective control of these areas, strengthen the testing and inspection checks, you can greatly reduce or prevent such incidents, to ensure the safe operation of the container. The main work is to study and design of pressure vessels based on AT89S51 detection devices, making application testing pressure vessels in service work in practice has a very broad application prospects. This paper describes a microcontroller-based temperature control system hardware, software and related interface circuits. The detection device consists of pressure vessel resistance strain gauges of metal, measuring amplifier, A/D converter, microcontroller, LCD display and alarm device composition. First through the metal strain gauges to the deformation of the container to convert the measured signal, and then measuring the electrical signals to the amplifier A/D converter maximum input range, the amplified signal filtered by the low-pass filter Input A/D converter, A/D converter output digital signal into the MCU, the MCU after the signal with a simple LCD display.

KEY WORDS：pressure vessel , microcontroller,sensors

目录

摘要..................................................................... I ABSTRACT............................................................. II 1绪论. (1)

1.1引言 (1)

1.2压力容器 (1)

1.2.1压力容器的定义 (1)

1.2.2压力容器的分类 (1)

1.2.3压力容器的危险性 (2)

1.2.4我国压力容器安全现状 (2)

1.2.5压力容器的检验 (2)

1.3自动化检测技术 (3)

1.4单片机 (4)

1.4.1 单片机技术的发展 (4)

1.4.2 单片机技术的应用 (5)

1.5本论文研究的主要内容 (6)

1.6课题研究的意义 (7)

2压力容器检测装置的总体设计及器件选择 (8)

2.1 传感器的选择 (8)

2.1.1工作原理 (9)

2.1.2应变片测试原理 (10)

2.2 A/D转换器的选择 (11)

2.3单片机的选择 (12)

2.4 显示器的选择 (16)

2.4.1液晶显示简介 (16)

2.4.2 1602字符型LCD简介 (17)

3压力容器检测装置硬件部分的设计 (20)

3.1 电阻应变式传感器 (20)

3.2 电源电路 (22)

3.3 测量放大电路 (23)

3.4 低通滤波电路 (25)

3.5 A/D转换电路 (26)

3.6液晶显示电路 (27)