高中英语语法:定语从句中的八个易错点解析
语法透析:定语从句易错档案
语法透析:定语从句易错档案一、语意重复。
定语从句的引导词在从句中都要充当一定的成分,所以从句里相应的句子成分不能再保留,否则就犯了语意重复的错误。
如:Themaintoaintoatter初学者很容易将此意表达成:Everythingiscalledmatterthathasweightandoccu指人,而且不能省略。
如果把介词放到句子的后部去,这时关系代词可用that或who,也可以把它们省略。
如:Thecostatwhichweachinetoolwhosefunctionsareveryadva nced本例中的whosefunctions还可以用whichofitsfunctions 或者thefunctionsofwhich替换。
六、关系代词that的误用。
先行词是以下某种情形时,必须用that引导定语从句:(1)被形容词最高级或序数词修饰;(2)被every,only,any,just,right,no等词修饰;(3)是all,few,little,much,none,some以及anything,everything,nothing(something不受此限制)等不定代词;(4)同时为人和物;(5)为疑问代词时。
如: Everythingthata,where,when,as等关系代词或关系副词,而且不能省略。
如:TheItalianteamdefeatedtheGermanteam,whichsomewasdef eatedbytheFrenchteam,whichwehadn’teethat和thesameas的误用。
注意两者的区别:thesamethat指“同一人(物)”;而thesameas指“同一类人(物)”。
如:TheanyotherAsiancountrieshavethesamecustomasweChine sehave根据例句的含义,可知这里只能用关系代词as,不能用that,因为表达的意思是“相似”。
高中语法复习:定语从句考点易错点归纳
语法复习:定语从句考点易错点归纳考点一:关系代词的用法1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:1)The girl who/that is holding a pink umbrella is Jim’s sister.2)I like the novel Gone with the Wind very much, which is popular with readers all over the world.①形式上:非限制性定语从句和主句之间用逗号隔开,不能用that引导。
②作用上:限制性定语从句与主句关系密切,对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。
非限制性定语从句与主句关系不密切,对主句起补充说明作用,去掉从句,意思仍然完整。
2.先行词+who/whom引导的定语从句:1)Most students like the teachers _________ can understand them.2)The professor ____________________they want to visit is president of the university.3)Anyone __________laughs last laughs best.4)Do you know the woman with ____________ my manager talked just now?①who在定语从句中作什么成分?②whom在定语从句中作什么成分?③who/whom什么时候可以省略?④什么时候只能用whom⑤先行词为指人的one, ones, anyone, those 时,关系代词常用who。
3.先行词+whose引导的定语从句:1)The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.2)The school shop, whose customers are mainly students , is closed for the holiday.①whose :“…的”,其后紧跟______词,在定语从句中作________。
高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句
高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句下面就是小编给大家带来的高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句,希望能帮助到大家!高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用1.定语从句相当于一个形容词,起定词作用,修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词,决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when,是地点名词就用where。
易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用对于定语从句关系词的考查,首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句,然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分,最后选择正确的词。
要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力,和理解能力。
如果缺少主宾表,要用that或which,缺少状语用关系副词when,where,why,缺少定语用whose。
易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用只用which,不能用that的情况(1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时,关系代词必须用which.如:☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意:如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首,which就可换为that,如:☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
(2) 先行词为"those+表事物的复数名词"时,关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如:☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
英语定语从句易错点小结
英语定语从句易错点小结定语从句在英语学习中非常重要,在各种考试中,定语从句的内容也占有相当大的比例,尤其是在阅读理解题里最为常见。
如果对定语从句掌握不透,对内容的理解就会出现偏差,从而影响答题效果。
定语从句,顾名思义,在句子中充当定语,可修饰名词或代词。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,而定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由引导词引出。
请大家记住这两个概念,方便后面学习。
例:This is the book which I bought yesterday.上句中,book为先行词,which为引导词。
引导词一般为关系代词或关系副词。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
易错点1:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
这个规则一定要记住,因为也是经常出现的考点,且大家容易出现错误的地方。
例:This is the student who wants to see you.上一句中,先行词是student,是单数第三人称,而引导词who 在定语从句中作主语,这时候定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与student(先行词)一致,所以应该用单三形式。
例:There are some students who want to see you.上一句中,先行词是students,是复数形式,而引导词who在定语从句中作主语,这时候定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与students(先行词)一致,所以应该用复数形式。
易错点2:引导词that不可以置于介词后引导宾语从句。
例:This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
上一句中,介词in后面的引导词不可以用that,只能用which.易错点3:引导词用关系代词或关系副词分不清。
定语从句易犯错误、that、who的固定用法
Which is the film that got the first –class award
this year.
(RULE7)当主句是which引导的特殊疑问句时,
关系代词用that.
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Discussion
(1)当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修饰时. (2) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 (3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, just
三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。
误:The key opens the bike is missing. 正:The key that/which opens the bike is
missing. 译:开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。 析:应加上关系代词that或which,因为从句少
主语,且主语不能省略。
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that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以 互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用 which。 2)This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the best place (that) we have visited. (RULE2) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
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that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以 互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用 4) wWheicwhe。re deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools that we had visited there. (RULE4)当并列的两个先行词分别表示人 或物, 用关系代词that
高考英语 使用定语从句式易犯的错误素材
使用定语从句易犯的错误由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂,使用时很容易犯一些错误,做常见的有以下几种:1.省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。
如:(1) 误:The man called today left this message for you .正:The man who(that)called today left this message for you .译:今天打的那个人给你留下了信息。
分析:定语从句中作主语的关系代词who或that不能省略。
(2) 误:The key opens the room is missing.正:The key which (that) opens the room is missing.译:打开这件房门的钥匙不见了。
分析:定语从句中作主语的关系代词which或that不能省略。
2.定语从句中丢掉了谓语动词后的介词。
如:〔1〕误:The man (whom) he spoke made no answer.正:The man (whom) he spoke to made no answer.译:他谈话的那个人没有作出回答。
分析:句中spoke后应加上to,与某人谈话要用speak to somebody。
〔2〕误:The child she took care yesterday is her nephew.正:The child she took care of yesterday is her nephew.译:昨天她照顾的孩子是她的外甥。
分析:take care of是固定短语“照顾〞的意思。
3.定语从句中谓语动词的单、复数或时态弄错。
如:〔1〕误:This is one of the rivers in China which flows northward.正:This is one of the rivers in China which flow northward.译:这是中国向北流的河流之一。
高中英语定语从句语法易错点整理及解析
高中英语定语从句语法易错点整理及解析定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词where when why等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which,who,whom 等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。
例如:① I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.② I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.解析在句①中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the days;而在句②中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。
同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which 或that来代替。
例如:① This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语)② This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作宾语)注:当先行词为time,reason,place时,引导词可以省略。
例如:① This was the first(when/what)I had serious trouble with my boss.② That is the reason(why)I did it.③This is the place(where)we met yesterday.另外,定语从句中谓语动词数应与先行词数一致。
定语从句常见错误总结
定语从句常见错误总结定语从句常见错误总结一、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。
如:1.误:Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.正:Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.译:我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。
析:应删去them,因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom,who或that。
?2.误:The book that you need it is in the library.正:The book that you need is in the library.译:你需要的书在图书馆里。
析:应删去it,因为从句的'宾语是关系代词that。
二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。
如:1.误:Anyone who break the law will be punished.正:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.译:任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。
析:应改break为breaks,因为who指anyone,是单数。
?2.误:Those who has finished may go home.正:Those who have finished may go home.译:做完了的人现在可以回家。
析:应改has为have,因为who指those,是复数。
?3.误:He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.正:He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.译:他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。
析:应改know为knows,因为one前有the only之类限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one,是单数,而不是复数名词the teachers。
易错点11 定语从句(4大陷阱)-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题(解析版)
易错点11定语从句目录01易错陷阱(4大陷阱)02举一反三【易错点提醒一】关系代词和关系副词易混易错点【易错点提醒而】that与which易混易错点【易错点提醒三】介词+关系词易混易错点【易错点提醒四】whose易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱1:关系代词和关系副词易混易错点。
【分析】关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。
关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词,并在定语从句中作时间、地点和原因状语。
易错陷阱2:that与which易混易错点。
【分析】易错陷阱3:介词+关系词易混易错点。
【分析】1.介词的选择需要根据动词、形容词、介词短语的搭配或者句中所表达的逻辑意思而决定。
2.先行词指人时,关系代词用whom;先行词指物时,关系代词用which;且不可省略。
易错陷阱4:whose易混易错点。
【分析】whose既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中作定语,修饰名词。
whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom易错陷阱5:that引导定语从句与同位语从句易混易错点。
【分析】that在定语从句中担任成分,在同位语从句中不做成分。
【易错点提醒一】关系代词和关系副词易混易错点【例1】(2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷)There is a saying among the archaeological circles in China_________goes,“A page from a book of the Song Dynasty is worth a tael of gold”.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。
句意:中国考古界有一句俗语,“一页宋版,一两黄金”,指的是这些古籍的重要性和很高的价值。
分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词saying,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which作引导词。
高中英语定语从句易犯的八种错误
高中英语定语从句易犯的八种错误作者:刘琼来源:《教育教学论坛·上旬》2012年第03期摘要:定语从句贯穿于每篇文章的始终,除了在运用过程中应注意关联词和先行词的正确使用之外,还应重视考生易犯的几种错误。
关键词:定语从句;易犯错误;高中英语中图分类号:G633.41 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1674-9324(2012)03-0163-02定语从句,又称之为形容词性从句,它贯穿于每篇文章的始终。
由于形容词常作定语,用来修饰某些人或事物,它除了在运用过程中应注意关联词和先行词的正确使用之外,根据历年高考题型的单选题和改错题的特点,再根据英汉语言、词语及位置的差异,有些考生还易犯下列几种错误:1.在定语从句中又出现了(使用了)先行词或代替先行词的词。
例如:(1)This is the most instructive film I have ever seen it。
应去掉“it”,因为先行词由形容词最高级修饰,that引导定语从句,that代替先行词的词义并省略。
(2)This is the hall where we had a meeting there a few days ago.去掉“there”,不知道关联词就代替了先行词在定语从句中的意思。
2.由于只考虑先行词而不顾及关联词在从句的语法功能所致。
例如:The school where we visited yesterday was set up five years ago.将where改为which/that或省掉which/that,visit是及物动词。
例如:We'll never forget the days_____we spent during the holiday.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.why 答案:B3.由于分辨不清楚由what引导名词性从句和that引导定语从句差别。
例如:That's all what I want to say.改为That's all(that) I want to say.或That's what I want to say.4.由于对关系代词that不会使用或记忆错误所致。
高中英语定语从句易犯的八种错误
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法功能所致 。
劳伦 先生说话 的样 子跟十年前一样 , 一点没变。
文章的始终。由于形容词常作定语 , 用来修饰某些人或 事物 , 它除了在运用过程中应注意关联词和先行词的
正确使用之外 ,根据历年 高考题型 的单 选题 和改错题
的特 点 , 根据英 汉语 言 、 语及 位置 的差异 , 再 词 有些 考
生还易犯下列几种错误 : 1 . 在定语从 句 中又出现 了( 使用 了 ) 先行词 或代 替 先行词 的词 。
例析:定i语从句易错点
定语从句应特别注意的几个问题:
♦ 一、关系代词which
e.g. 1. The Greens will move into the new house next Monday, ____ it will be completely finished. A. by the time B. by which time C. that D. which 2. Water boils at 100 degree, _____ it changes to gas. A. at which time B. at which C. by which temperature D. by which 二、关系代词that e.g. There is no one ______ wishes peace. A. who B. but C. that D. whom
例析:定语从句易错点
♦ 易错点一:关系代词和关系副词的混用
e.g. 1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with orget the days which I visited New York with you.
易错点 七:忽略that和which引导限定性定语从句的区别 e.g. 1. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen. 2. Here are the samples that --- had I thought of it --- you could have taken with you yesterday. 易错点八:介词前置出错 e.g. 1. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. 2. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention. 易错点九:which和whose意义不明确 e.g. 1. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us. 2. 1. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.
英语定语从句常见错误例析
英语定语从句常见错误例析一 . 误用关系词1. I'll never forget the days when we spent together on the farm.2. This is the factory where he was invited to visit last m onth.分析:定语从句的先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时,引导定语从句的关系词不一定都是when 或where .关系词的选择主要取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。
如果从句的谓语动词是及物动词而且其后没有宾语,就用关系代词that 或which 作宾语。
如果从句的谓语动词是不及物动词或者是后面已经有了宾语的及物动词,就用关系副词。
在句 1 和句 2 中,从句谓语动词spent 和visit 都是及物动词,而且后面又没有宾语,所以应分别将when 和where 改为that 或which .二 . 宾语重复1. As we all know it,the earth is round.2. The m anager discussed the plan that they would like to see it carried out the next month.分析:如果关系代词在从句中作宾语,则谓语动词后面就不能再有宾语。
在句 1 中,关系代词as 作从句谓语动词know 的宾语,因此,it 就是多余的,应去掉。
在句2 中,关系代词that 在从句中作动词see 的宾语,因此it 也是多余的,应去掉。
三 . 缺少先行词或关系词1. Is this park where his father works?2. I went to the village they grew up.分析:定语从句前面必须有先行词和关系词。
在句 1 中,关系副词where 前缺少先行词,所以应在where 前面加上先行词the one (代表this park )。
分析定语从句易错点
分析定语从句易错点定语从句是英语中的最重要语法项目之一,是必须掌握的英语技能,也是学生学习的重点和难点。
由于其结构和用法的复杂性,导致学生在运用中时常出现一些共性的问题。
现将定语从句常见错误归纳如下:一、不能透彻地理解关系词的三种功能,混用关系词定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词,起“定语”的作用,修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容;通常在被修饰的词语之后,由“关系代词或关系副词”引导。
在学习使用定语从句的过程中,要特别注意关系词的“三重性”功能,即它既起引导词的作用,同时还指代或替代”先行词”,并且又在定语从句中充当某个句子成分。
关系代词:that指人和物,做主语和宾语;which指物,做主语和宾语;who指人,做主语和宾语;whom指人,做宾语;whose指人和物,做定语。
关系副词:when,where,why等,分别做时间、地点、原因状语。
在定语从句中用什么引导词,除了要看先行词指代的是什么,还必须弄清楚该引导词在从句中所充当的成分。
如:误:Istillrememberthedaywhichwemettorthefirsttime.析:引导词表示的是ontheday,在定语从句中作时间状语,不是作met的宾语,所以应该用关系副词when来引导。
误:Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.析:应将why改为which或that,因为从句中的谓语动词hasgiven缺少宾语,而不缺少原因状语。
二、定语从句中重复出现与先行词有关的代词或副词关系词既起引导词的作用,同时还指代先行词,因而要避免在定语从句中重复出现与先行词有关的代词或副词。
例如:误:Thesalesmanageryouwanttoseehimisonanotherline.正:Thesalesmanageryouwanttoseeisonanotherline.析:应删去him。
高中英语语法定语从句中的八个易错点解析
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2025届高三上学期英语二轮复习语法定语从句易错讲解+训练 导学案
2024-2025年深圳高三一模语法《定语从句》易错讲解+训练基础用法:①学会“主句”“先行词”“定语从句”“从句所缺充分”的判断②学会“关系代词”“关系副词”的具体使用缺“主宾表定”成分缺“状语”成分关系代词关系副词介词+ whom/which = 关系副词先行词关系代词从句所充当成分指“人”who主语/宾语that主语/宾语whom宾语whose定语(所有格)指“物”which主语/宾语that 主语/宾语whose定语(所有格)指“人”+“物”that主语/宾语定语从句V和先行词的数一致one of + n复→ V复:This is one of the books which were written by John. the only one of + n复→ V单数He is the only one of the boys that has learnt French. 非限制定语从句,which代表整体情况【V单】He said he was a Frenchman,which was true. 【先行词是物】只用that情况◆先行词由all,some,any,much等不定代词引导的时候◆先行词由序数词和最高级等修饰的时候◆先行词本身是不定代词时候◆先行词指人和物两者的时候◆主句里面有who,whom的时候◆先行词有the very / the only / the last 修饰时◆先行词在定语从句中作表语,关系代词也作表语例:she is no longer the person that she used to be.【先行词是物】只用which情况◆先行词本身是that时候◆关系代词前面有逗号时候【非限制定语从句】◆关系代词前有介词时候◆句子中2个定语从句,一个that一个which注意:先行词是强调职业/特性/品质/才能,婴儿/小孩,也可以用which作关系代词。
【先行词是人】只用who情况◆先行词为those,one,he,ones,anyone等时候◆there be句型(先行词为人)时候◆定语从句有插入语(先行词为人)◆先行词是god、angel、fairy 时◆先行词是家庭成员的集体名词,如family ◆非限制定语从句中(先行词为人)◆句中两个定语从句(先行词为人),一个that一个who避免重复备注:介词+ whom 【指人】介词+ which【指物】~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 判断先行词在句中成分,句中作主宾定语【关系代词】在句中作状语~ 【关系副词】= 介词+关系代词when时间状语介词+whom【指人】介词+which【指物】where 地点状语why原因状语~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~先行词“ the way ”用法:在定从中作状语,关系代词用“/”或“in which”或”“that”eg:The way ▲ he answered the question is surprising.先行词“situation, case, point, business ”用法:用关系副词where先行词“occasion 翻译;时机”用法:用关系副词wheneg:It was a special occasion when he answered the question is surprising.When 引导非限制性定语从句:eg:The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, when the sun is high in the sky.《介词+关系代词》注意点:● 作后置定语,可前置:Eg. I have 4 apples,most of which are sweet.= I have 4 apples,of which most are sweet.● 介词的选择,看前看后看意思:Eg. The mistakes from which we can learn sometimes are valuable. 《介词+关系副词》注意点:since when/ from where 引导非定从。
解析定语从句的易错点
解析定语从句的易错点定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重要语法项目,也是历届高考的热点所在。
接下来,小编给大家准备了解析定语从句的易错点,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
解析定语从句的易错点易错点一:关系代词和关系副词的混用例1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.例2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.析:例 1 中的 when 应改为 which 或 that ;例 2 中的 which 应改为when .区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。
如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语,就应考虑使用关系代词,如例 1 ;若定语从句中缺少状语,就应考虑使用关系副词,如例 2 .易错点二:固定句式出差错例 3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.例 4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.析:例 3 中的 as 应改为 that ;例 4 中的 that 应改为as . so…as 或so…that 为固定句式,前者为 as 引导的定语从句, as 在定语从句中作宾语或主语,如例 4 ;后者为 that 引导的结果状语从句,该从句的成分是完整的,不缺少主语或宾语,如例3 .类似的固定句式还有the same… as (that) ,such…as ,as…as 等。
易错点三:主谓不一致例 5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.例 6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.析:例 5 中的 likes 应改为 like ;例 6 中的 like 应改为 likes .在“ one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中,定语从句的先行词是复数名词,故谓语动词要用复数形式,如例 5 ;在“ the (only) one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中,先行词是 one ,而不是复数名词,故谓语动词要用单数形式,如例 6 .易错点四:与强调句型及其他句型的混合例 7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?例8. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.析:例 7 中第一个 that 应改为 where ;例 8 中应去掉 at .例 7 为带有定语从句的强调句, you bought the recorder 为定语从句,其引导词应用 where ,后面第二个 that 才是强调句中的 that ,此句可还原为:You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例 8 为 where 引导的地点状语从句。
定语从句的常见易错点剖析
考点剖析英语中的定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、现在分词或过去分词、副词、动词不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句用来修饰名词或者代词。
它所修饰的名词或者代词叫作先行词。
定语从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系代词或者关系副词引出。
定语从句按照其与先行词之间的关系分为限制性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)和非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive Attributive Clause)。
我们知道,定语从句是英语句法的重要内容之一,而且该语法项目是必考考点。
笔者以近几年全国高考真题中的定语从句为例,结合平时教学实际,对同学们在定语从句这个语法项目上的常见易错点进行分析,以期对同学们有所帮助。
一、关系代词that 与which 指物时二者之间的误用【高考链接】(2022年全国新高考I 卷语法填空题)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _______live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosys⁃tem in the area.【答案与解析】that 。
本题考查引导定语从句的关系代词的正确选用。
分析句子我们知道,the spe⁃cies 是先行词指物体,其前面有all 修饰,只能填关系代词that 。
【错因分析】有的学生可能认为在定语从句中关系代词that 与which 指物体时完全等同,或者不知道二者指物体的区别而误填which 导致出错。
【方法点拨】在定语从句中,当先行词是指物体的名词时,关系代词that 与which 是有区别的。
它们的区别如下:1.which 可以引导非限制性定语从句而that 则不可以。
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高中英语语法:定语从句中的八个易错点解析
一、混淆定语从句与并列句有的句子结构相似,相差的可能只是一个并列连词,同学们若忽略此并列连词,则可能混淆定语从句与并列句。
请看下面两道试题:
1. I have two children, and both of ______ are abroad.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
2. He has two children, both of ______ are abroad.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
【分析】第1题选A,第2题选C。
由于第1题中用了并列连词and,从而使整个句子为并列句,and后应是一个独立的简单句,所以选A不选C;
第2题没有并列连词and,both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。
另外,请比较:
He has two children, both of ______ being abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who
【分析】此题选A,尽管句中没有并列连词,但由于逗号后
并不是一个完整的句子(因句中的 being 为非谓语动词)。
二、混淆定语从句与表语(从句)一般说来,若是定语从句,其前必有先行词;若是表语(从句),则其前必有连系动词。
但问题是,有时由于句子结构比较特殊,定语从句与其修饰的先行词可能被"分离",而连系动词与其后的表语也可能被"分离",这就需要同学们认真分析,理顺句子结构(最好能
还原句子),从而分清是定语从句还是表语(从句)。
三、混淆定语从句与状语从句有些试题,从表面看它是定语从句,而实际上它是状语从句;而有些试题则可能完全相反,即从表面看它是状语从句,而实际上是定语从句。
请看下面两道试题:
1. my father went upstairs ______I heard someone crying.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. which【分析】答案是B而
不是A,when的意思是"当……的时候",引导的是时间状语从句。
(upstairs为副词,不宜用作先行词)
2. She is ______ a clever girl ______ we all like.
A. such, that
B. such, as
C. so, that
D. so, as
【分析】答案选B,而不是A。
such … that …(如此……以致……)用于引导结果状语从句,其中的that不充当句子成分,而such…as…中的as为关系代词,用以引导定语从句并在定语从句充当句子成分。
上句中第二空之所以选as,是因为它用作动词like的宾语。
四、混淆关系代词与关系副词有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,就认为一定要用关系副词,其实也不一定。
在此情况下,还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分,若是用作状语,则用关系副词;若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词,而用关系代词。
比较:
This is the factory where I want to work.
这就是我想工作的工厂。
(work为不及物动词,where在定语从句中用作状语)
This is the factory that I want to visit.
这就是我想参观的工厂。
(visit为及物动词,that用作visit的宾语)
The reason why he can't come is that he is ill.
他没来的是因为他病了。
(come为不及物动词,why在定语从句中用作状语)
The reason that he put forth is very important.
他提出的理由很重要。
(put forth为及物动词,that在定语从句中用作其宾语) 五、因逗号误判which有的同学一看见逗号,就以为一定要选which而不选that,但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。
如:
1. If a book is in English, ______ means slow progress for you.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
2. When I say two hours, ______ includes time for eating.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
【分析】以上两题均应选that,而不能选which,因为它们根本不是定语从句。
之所以选that,是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句,逗号后为主句,that为主句主语。
六、混淆which与whose两者在定语从句中都可用作定语,区别是:whose 的意思相当于 one's,而 which 的意思则相当于 that 或 this。
比较:
1. This is Mary, whose father we met last week.
2. Call again at 11, by which time the meeting should be over.
【分析】
第1句用whose,whose father相当于 and her father;第2句用which,by which time 相当于 and by that time。
七、弄错定语从句中谓语动词的数原则上说,定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与所修饰先行词的单复数保持一致,否则就会出错。
如:谁那样说都是在说谎。
误:Anyone who say that is lying.
正:Anyone who says that is lying.
不算生病的,我们一共20人。
误:There are 20 of us, not counting those who is sick.
正:There are 20 of us, not counting those who are sick.
八、受汉语影响导致定语从句用词累赘或成分残缺一方面,引导定语从句的关系代词与定语从句修饰的先行词表示同
样的概念,因此,千万不可在定语从句中误加与先行词同义的代词;另一方面,也不能受汉语习惯的影响,省去定语从句中不该省略的必要成分。
如:他是一个人人都敬重的人。
误:He is a man that everyone respects him.
正:He is a man that everyone respects.
刚才给我们讲故事的那个人很有趣。
误:The man told us a story just now is very interesting.正:The man who told us a story just now is very interesting.。