2018--2019学年人教版必修一unit 1 friendship grammar课时作业 (5)

Unit 1 friendship grammar课时作业
Ⅰ.根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
at a time take an active part in keep an eye on set up
as a result introduce include be concerned about sth.
in danger be home to
1．All flights have had to be cancelled ________ of the pilots' strike.
答案：as a result
2．Mary offered to ________ the baby while I went out.
答案：keep an eye on
3．The army has ________ road blocks round the city.
答案：set up
4．Our tour party ________ several retired couples.
答案：included
5．How can you expect me not to ________ my own son?
答案：be concerned about
6．We had to see the nurse one ________.
答案：at a time
7．A large sum of fund has been ________ to the company.
答案：introduced
8．At college I ________ student politics.
答案：take an active part in
9．Joseph is doing what he can to save animals ________.
答案：in danger
10．It ________ the Chinese Academy of science and more than ten famous univesities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University.
答案：is home to
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．While watching television，________.
A．the doorbell rang
B．the doorbell rangs
C．we heard the doorbell ring
D．we heard the doorbell rings
答案与解析：C题干中的非谓语动词形式是现在分词(watching)，那么后面句子的主语与watch必须是主谓关系，肯定是人，可以排除A项和B项。

选项D时态不对。

2．One lost in forests will be________because there are ________ animals and other________. A．danger; dangerous; in danger
B．dangerous; danger; dangers
C．in danger; dangerous; dangers
D．dangerous; dangerous; in danger
答案与解析：C in danger指处于危险之中；danger指危险的人物或事物。

句子的意思是“一个人在森林里迷了路是危险的，因为会有危险的动物和其他危险的情况”。

3．Do you think there is someone________ the honour in our class?
A．worth B．worthy
C．worthy of D．worthwhile
答案与解析：C worthy of意思是“配得上”，相当于who is worthy of，在句中作someone 的定语。

4．He was badly injured in the car accident, but he struggled ________ his feet and walked to the nearby village to ask for help.
A．to B．on
C．at D．for
答案与解析：A struggle to one's feet指“努力站起来”。

5．There'll be a sports meet in our school next month. How many of you are going to________？A．take up B．take part
C．join D．take part in
答案与解析：B take part in的意思是指“参加(活动、体育运动等)”，选项D多了介词，因为句子中没有宾语。

6．The police told the public to keep an eye________ the suspected person.
A．on B．for
C．about D．at
答案与解析：A keep an eye on是一个固定搭配，意思是“仔细留意某人(某事)”。

句子的意思是“警察告知公众要留心那个可疑的人”。

7．—What does your pet feed________？
—I feed it________ fish.
A．on; to B．to; with
C．to; on D．on; with
答案与解析：D feed on的意思是“以……为食”；feed...with...的意思是“给……提供；给……供应”；feed...on...的意思是“用……来喂”。

8．The new law will come into________ on the day when it is passed.
A．effect B．use
C．being D．existence
答案与解析：A本题考查短语辨析。

句子的意思是“新的法律将在它获得通过的那一天开始生效”。

come into effect“开始生效”；come into use“开始使用”；come into being“成立”；come into existence“开始存在”。

9．Before the war broke out, many people________ in safe places possessions they couldn't take with them.
A．threw away B．put away
C．gave away D．carried away
答案与解析：B此题考查动词短语。

throw away“扔掉，丢弃”；put away“放好，储存……备用”；give away“赠送，分发，泄露(秘密等)”；carry away“运走”。

这句话的意思是：战争爆发之前，很多人把不能随身带走的财物放到了安全的地方，故选put away。

10．The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds________his arguments in favour of the new theory.
A．on which to base
B．which to base on
C．to base on
D．to be based on
答案与解析：A题意为“教授几乎找不到支持这一新理论的充分理由”。

根据题意，题中
的professor是将自己的arguments建立在sufficient grounds之上，即base arguments on these grounds。

因此，代词which指代先行词grounds，作介词on的宾语。

构成“介词＋关系代词＋to do”。

11．He recommended that a special committee________ to look into the matter.
A．were set up B．was set up
C．be set up D．set up
答案与解析：C在句型“recommend that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形”中，从句要用虚拟语气；又因为committee与set up之间为被动关系，所以选择C项。

12. (2019·安徽安庆一中)A sheep ________ on this kind of special grass usually grows much faster than ________ on ordinary.
A. fed; one
B. feeds; the one
C. fed; that
D. feeding; it
答案与解析：A fed on作定语，相当于which/that is fed on；后一空中指代的是a sheep，表示泛指，所以用one代替。

13．I like________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A．this B．that
C．it D．one
答案与解析：C it为虚意代词，它笼统地指后面提到事情，即the weather is clear and bright。

14．This year the white ducks are no longer lovely in the local's eyes，________their fear of bird flu.
A．except for B．due to
C．in case of D．instead of
答案与解析：B due to意思是“由于”，表示原因。

except for意为“除了”；in case of意为“万一”；instead of意为“代替，而不是”。

15．________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A．It B．As
C．That D．What
答案与解析：B as引导非限制性定语从句，位于句首，指代其主句的内容。

此题中标点符号很关键，若将“，”换成that，则选A项。

Ⅲ.完成/翻译句子
1．____________(由于科学家的艰辛工作)，the number of the pandas living wild______________(已经增加到约1590只)．
答案：Thanks to the scientists' hard work; has increased to about 1,590
2．Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelope at a time，_____________(只留下那些毛不那么值钱的幼崽)．
答案：leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.
3．The hunted Tibetan Antelopes_____________(当场被剥下皮来)and the wool is taken to India，______________(在那里这羊毛被制成)the shawls.
答案：are skinned on the spot; where it is made into
4．他是这些孩子中唯一一个学过法语的人。

答案：He is the only one of the boys who has learned French.
5．It is true that those who graduate from famous schools have many advantages, but they pay dearly for them.
答案：毕业于名校诚然有许多益处，但也需付出相当大的代价。

Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
The Tasmanian devil is a rare marsupial (有袋动物) that lives only on the Australian island state of Tasmania. The doglike animal is rapidly disappearing. The Tasmanian state government estimates that the number of devils has dropped from around 150,000 in the mid－1990s to
between 20,000 and 50,000 at the end of 2019.
The devil was declared an endangered species last week. It is being wiped out by a rare cancer called devil facial tumor (肿瘤) disease (DFTD)．It spreads like a cold or flu from animal to animal.The disease is passed when one devil bites another.When the marsupial is infected with DFTD, large tumors develop around its mouth and neck. These growths make it impossible for the devil to eat.Many finally die from starvation within six months of being infected.
As the name implies, the disease occurs only in Tasmanian devils and cannot be passed to humans. You've got to remember that devils are scavengers (清道夫). They search through garbage for food. Throughout Tasmania people maintain outdoor dumps. If somebody threw out a carcass (兽类尸体), then the devils might actually consume quite large quantities of it.
The disease has not yet appeared in the devil population that lives in the northwest region of Tasmania. Conservationists (环保主义者) have captured some of the healthy devils and sent them to a new home on the mainland of Australia. They hope these DFTD－free marsupials can be used to start a captive－breeding population. Once there are more disease－free devils, they can then repopulate the areas of Tasmania where the species is being wiped out.
Tasmanian devils play an important role in keeping the state's ecosystem in balance. They keep the population of other predators, such as foxes and wild cats, in check. Ray Nias, head of World Wildlife Federation Australia's conservation program, says all Tasmanian wildlife will suffer if the devil becomes extinct. “If the devils go and the foxes and cats increase, it would be all over for a good dozen or more species of mammals, many of which are unique to Tasmania.”
1. It can be inferred that the Tasmanian devil is ________.
A. a hard－working street cleaner
B. a grass－eating animal
C. a meat－eating marsupial
D. a DFTD origin
答案与解析：C推理判断题。

根据第三段最后一句可知，袋獾是一种食肉动物。

2．What's the reason for making the Tasmanian devil endangered?
A. A rare disease called DFTD occurs in Tasmanian devils.
B. The dog likes to attack Tasmanian devils.
C. Tasmanian people try to wipe out Tasmanian devils.
D. The region of Tasmania is becoming unsuitable for Tasmanian devils to breed.
答案与解析：A细节理解题。

根据第二段内容可知：一种致命的面部肿瘤疾病在袋獾中开始流行，大块的肿瘤在其脸和脖子上生成，使它们不能进食，许多袋獾因此被饿死。

袋獾的生存状况变得严峻。

3. To which question does the last paragraph give the answer?
A. How should people protect the devils?
B. What do the Tasmanian people do with the devils?
C. What will happen if the devils disappear?
D. Which animal is closely related to the devils?
答案与解析：C段落主旨题。

最后一段讲述了袋獾在保持生态平衡和控制其他物种方面的作用。

如果袋獾灭绝，狐狸和野猫的数量增加，那么塔斯马尼亚所有的野生动物都会受到牵连。

综上所述，此段回答了“如果袋獾灭绝，将会发生什么”这个问题。

4. What measures do Tasmanian people take to stop the devils from being wiped out?
A. Trapping disease－free devils and sending them to a new place to breed more babies.
B. Searching the cause of the disease and finding an effective treatment.
C. Developing new chemicals for the infected animals.
D. Moving all the devils to a new home on the mainland of Australia.
答案与解析：A细节理解题。

根据第四段内容可知：环保主义者将健康的袋獾送到澳大利亚大陆，让其繁殖更多的幼仔，然后用这些无病的袋獾重新去充实那些袋獾濒危的地区。

5. What's true about DFTD?
A. It's a disease that can be spread to human beings.
B. It's a cold that occurs only in Tasmanian devils.
C. It's a flu that Tasmanian devils get infected from their companions.
D. It's a cancer that can be passed from one Tasmanian devil to another.
答案与解析：D细节理解题。

根据第二段可知，DFTD是能够像感冒或流感一样传播的一种癌症，可以通过动物间的撕咬传播。

袋獾被感染该病病毒之后大块的肿瘤在其脸和脖子上生成，使其不能进食，进而被饿死。

B
As the world's largest terrestrial carnivore, the polar bear is the king of the great white north. Adult males can measure more than nine feet in length and weigh between 770 and 1 430 pounds. The bear's body and neck are elongated (细长的), and the head is narrow and long with small, rounded
ears.
Polar bear populations can be found in northern Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia, and there have been reports that polar bear tracks have been found as far north as the North Pole. The five million square－mile range of the polar bear circles the Arctic and contains stretches of open water where its primary prey—seals—are easily caught.
Polar bears live on the annual Arctic sea ice that provides a platform from which they can hunt. They hunt ringed and bearded seals on the sea ice by breaking into seal dens in the sea ice. The dens are not visible from above, but seeing is less important than smelling to a polar bear—with their keen sense of smell, polar bears can detect the breathing holes of seals in their dens beneath
the snow and ice.
As the southern edge of the arctic ice cap melts in summer, polar bears are stranded on land and spend their summers fasting, living off body fat stored from hunting in the spring and winter.
It might come as a surprise that this majestic species faces an uncertain future: Climate change is causing the disappearance of sea ice from which polar bears hunt their prey. Sea ice in the Arctic is melting earlier and forming later each year.
With about 22 000 polar bears living in the wild, the species is not currently endangered, but its future is far from certain. People reached an agreement that restricts the hunting of polar bears and directs each nation to protect their habitats, but it does not protect the bears against the biggest man－made threat to their survival：global warming. If current warming trends continue，scientists believe that polar bears may disappear within 100 years.
6. The underlined word “dens”in Paragraph 3 most probably means________.
A. the home of wild animals
B. the skin of the wild animals
C. thick smoke that is difficult to see
D. water of the deep sea
答案与解析：A词义猜测题。

根据dens所在的句子的上下文，可以推断其含义是“巢穴”，所以答案选A。

7. In summer, what do the polar bears depend on to survive?
A. They catch seals for food.
B. They search for food on land.
C. They search for food in the sea.
D. They use stored fat.
答案与解析：D细节理解题。

由文章第三段最后“polar bears are stranded on land and spend their summers fasting, living off body fat stored from hunting in the spring and winter”可知北极熊夏天依靠在春天和冬天储存的脂肪维持生命。

8. What will be the reason of polar bear's extinction in the future?
A. The ice on the land of the Arctic is disappearing day by day.
B. The sea ice is melting earlier and forming earlier.
C. The climate is changing due to people's activities.
D. People killed too many polar bears.
答案与解析：C推理判断题。

文章最后一段讲述的是北极熊未来的生存状况。

由于人类的活动引起气候变暖，使北冰洋冰的面积开始减少，进而会影响到北极熊的未来生存。

9. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. people have reached an agreement to protect polar bears
B. the polar bear is an endangered species at the present
C. the polar bear can be found near the North Pole and South Pole
D. we should protect seals in order to keep the food chain in the Arctic
答案与解析：A细节理解题。

根据最后一段中间一句可知人们已经达成协议来保护北极熊，虽然北极熊仍面临着全球变暖的巨大威胁。