耶鲁大学开放课程—哲学：死亡.17.Open.Yale.course—Philosophy：Death.DivX-YYeTs人人影视 [字幕转换助手

都基于这样一个逻辑前提
piggybacks on the logically prior thought
就是死亡本身对我是件坏事
that death itself is bad for me.
如果不是基于这样一个前提
If it didn't piggyback in that way,
那所有这些对死亡的恐惧
如果看牙本身并不可怕
But if being at the dentist isn't itself unpleasant,
那你想到看牙就害怕就不合情理了
it doesn't make sense to dread it in anticipation.
所以 如果我们想找到死亡的主要坏处
死亡的主要坏处
about the central badness of death,
那么 活人的损失并不是关键
it can't be a matter of the loss for those who remain behind,
关键是那些死去的人
but rather the loss,
现在 虽然我们还没死
right now, while we're not actually dying--
但想到我会死去这件事仍让我感到不快
the prospect of dying to be unpleasant.
所以 死亡对我的另一个坏处就是
So, one of the things that's bad about my death for me is
现在 当我想到我可能会死去时
that right now I've got some unhappy thoughts as
我感到不快
I anticipate the fact that I'm going to die.
但是
But again,
这依然不是死亡的主要坏处
that can't be the central thing that's bad about death,
上次我们从形而上学转而讲述价值理论
Last time we made the turn from metaphysics to value theory.
我们开始讨论为什么死亡是件坏事
We started asking about what it is about death that makes it bad.
但你的肉体却活着
but your body might still be alive.
或者你已经死了
Or you might be dead,
虽然你的肉体还存在
but even though your body still exists,
但它不是活着的 而是作为尸体存在
it's not alive, but you exist as a corpse.
或者我会死去的事实
or the fact that I'm going to die,
为什么对我来说是坏事
that makes that bad for me?
现在 我希望明确限定
Now, I want to get clear about precisely
我们这里讨论的问题
what it is we want to focus in on here.
在本课程的前一部份
Now previously, in the first part of the class,
我们讨论过这个问题
we spent some time saying that,
某些观点认为
look, on certain views,
在某段时间里 你可能已经死了
there'll be a period of time in which you might be dead,
当我们面对死亡时
the central thing we're concerned about when
所担心的根本问题
we face the fact that we're going to die.
而且
It's also true, of course,
我们会发现 在这里
{\c here,
咱先将这些束之高阁
Put all that aside.
不考虑这些模糊不清的
Go to the period beyond any of that murky stuff
短期的状态
in the short-term and just,
仅简单地
for simplicity,
从物理主义角度来看 我一旦死亡
我们活着 必须承受
We're left behind havings of this person that we love.
然而 如果我们想明确
Nonetheless, it seems likely that if we want to get clear
然后你说
And you said,
"好吧 我相信你 但我要告诉你
"Well, I believe you and I have to tell you,
我一想到这件事就觉得担忧害怕"
I'm just filled with dread and foreboding in thinking about it."
现在 如果我们提出这个问题
Now, if we pose that question,
答案似乎
it seems as though the
简单明了
answer should be simple and straightforward.
当我死去 我不复存在
When I'm dead, I won't exist.
这完全不合情理
That wouldn't make any sense at all.
你感到担忧害怕
It makes sense to be filled with dread or foreboding or what have you only
只有当你想到的事情
if the thing you're looking forward to,
本身是坏事时才合情理
anticipating, is itself bad.
例如
Maybe, for example,
你害怕去看牙
it makes sense to dread going to the dentist,
那是因为你相信看牙是件痛苦的事
if you believe that being at the dentist is a painful, unpleasant experience.
很明显 死亡可能带来的一种伤害是
Now, one thing that could be bad, obviously,
死亡过程会造成痛苦
is the process of dying could be a painful one.
人人影视

比方说 可能
It might be, for example,
"明天你会碰到件事
"Tomorrow something's going to happen to you
这件事非常好
and that thing is going to be simply fantastic,
好得难以置信 不可思议"
absolutely incredible, absolutely wonderful."
我们谈到死亡的第一个坏处是
The first aspect of the badness of death that we talked about was
当某人死去
the fact that when somebody dies,
活着的人会感到痛苦
that's hard on the rest of us.
死亡给他们带来的伤害
the badness of death, for the person who dies.
总之
That, at any rate,
这才是我今后要关注的问题
is what I want to focus on from here on out.
我的死亡
What exactly is it about my death,
it wouldn't make any sense to have fear
焦虑 畏惧 苦闷 或无论什么
or anxiety or dread or anguish or whatever it is
就没有道理了
that I may have now.
比方说 我告诉你
I mean, suppose I said to you,
let's suppose with the physicalists that once I die,
我将不复存在
I cease to exist.
好的
All right.
那我们不就找到了死亡的坏处了吗
So, don't we have the answer to what's bad about death right there?
我被一只孟加拉虎撕成碎片
that I get ripped to pieces by Bengali tigers.
如果是这样 那死亡过程会很可怕
And if so, then the actual process of dying would be horrible.
很痛苦
It would be painful.
So again, if we're thinking about the central badness of death,
我们似乎应该关注死亡本身
it seems to me that we've got to focus on my being dead.
是什么使我的死亡如此可怕
What is it about my being dead that's bad for me?
因为想到死亡
because the prospect of my death--
会产生难过或悲伤的情绪
it makes sense for that to be a painful one or an unpleasant one,
这只能更进一步说明死亡本身是件坏事
only given the further claim that death itself is bad for me.
虽然可能有过这种顾虑
although we might have some passing concern about the possibility
认为我们的死亡过程会是痛苦的
that our process of dying might be a painful one,
但这也不是
that's not, again,
Although similarly, I might die in my sleep,
这种死亡过程对我没有伤害
in which case the process of dying would not be bad for me.
无论如何 我认为我们大多数人
At any rate, I take it that most of us,
如此 将死亡过程看作
And clearly it makes sense to talk about the process of dying as
可能对我造成伤害 符合情理
something that could potentially be bad for me.
但是同样 我也可能在睡眠中死去
我会害怕 焦虑 担心 遗憾
Having fear or anxiety or concern or regret
或苦闷 如此这般 当我想到
or anguish or whatever it is that maybe I have now
自己难逃一死时
about the fact that I'm going to die,