翻译家尤金.奈达.ppt

◆ In 1937, undertook studies at the University of Southern California, where he obtained a Master’s Degree in New Testament Greek in 1939.
◆ In 1939, became interim pastor of Calvary Church of Santa Ana, California
◆ In 1993, Althea Sprague died. In 1997, married Dr. María Elena Fernandez-Miranda
◆ In the early 1980s, retired,
lived in Madrid, Spain and Brussels, Belgium.
■ Language Structure and Translation: Essays - (Stanford University Press, 1975) ■ From One Language to Another – (Nelson, 1986, with Jan de Waard) ■ The Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains
◆ attended Camp Wycliffe, where Bible translation theory was taught
◆ became a founding charter member of Wycliffe Bible Translators, a sister organization of the Summer Institute of Linguistics
(3) The purpose of the author and of the translator: to give information on both form and content; to aim at full intelligibility of the reader so he/she may understand the full implications of the message; for imperative purposes that aim at not just understanding the translation but also at ensuring no misunderstanding of the translation.
Nida then sets forth the differences in translation, as he would account
for it, within three basic factors: (1)The nature of the message: in
some messages the content is of primary consideration, and in others the form must be given a highudience: prospective audiences differ both in decoding ability and in potential interest.
■ The Bible Translator - (Journal founded
and edited by Dr. Nida (retired), 1949- ) ■ Morphology: The Descriptive Analysis
of Words - (Univ. of Michigan Press, 1949) ■ Message and Mission - (Harper, 1960) ■ Customs, Culture and Christianity –
语言学家 翻译家 翻译理论家
1. His life 2. His translation theory 3. His works 4. Example
◆born in Oklahoma City, on November 11, 1914
◆ graduated from the University of California in 1936
◆ died in Madrid on August 25, 2011 aged 96.
功能对等理论
Dynamic Equivalence or Functional Equivalence
所谓“功能对等”，就是说翻译时不求文字表面 的死板对应，而要在两种语言间达成功能上的对等。
在这一理论中,他指出“翻译是用最恰当、自然和 对等的语言从语义到文体再现源语的信息”(郭建中 ,2000 , P65) 。奈达有关翻译的定义指明翻译不仅 是词汇意义上的对等还包括语义、风格和文体的 对等,翻译传达的信息既有表层词汇信息也有深层 的文化信息。“动态对等”中的对等包括四个方面: 1. 词汇对等,2. 句法对等,3. 篇章对等,4. 文体对等。 在这四个方面中,奈达认为“意义是最重要的,形式 其次”(郭建中,2000 , P67) 。形式很可能掩藏源语 的文化意义并阻碍文化交流。因此,根据奈达的理 论,译者应以动态对等的四个方面作为翻译的原则 准确地在目的语中再现源语的文化内涵。
(Tyndale Press, 1963) ■ Toward a Science of Translating - (Brill, 1964) ■ Religion Across Cultures - (Harper, 1968)
■ The Theory and Practice of Translation - (Brill, 1969, with C.R. Taber)
◆ In 1943, received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Michigan
◆ was ordained as a Baptist minister
◆ 1943, married Althea Lucille Sprague