英语构词法归纳总结[原创]

英语构词法

英语主要有三种构词法：转化、派生和合成，下面简要介绍一下这三种构词法。

1、转化构词法：

①有大量的动词可以转化为名词，有时意思没有太大的变化：

Let me have a try.我来试一试。

We stopped there for a swim.

He went off at a run to consult a doctor.

This is for winter wear. Don’t make it too tight.

I like a quiet read after supper。

This was a great surprise（strike，shock）to my brother.

Have a look（chat，talk，wash，swim，rest，try，quarrel，smoke，lie，read，run，dream，fight，walk，ride，drink，laugh，dance，bathe，wish，win，fear，love，debate，dispute，interview，taste，etc）

Make a study（guess，visit，call，survey，jump，slip，change，search，stay，smart，answer，reply，remark，fight，arrest，appeal，purchase，sacrifice，demand，show，deal，attempt，attack，advance，etc）

Come to a stop（end，pause）

有时意思有一定的变化：

He was about the same build as his brother.他的体形和他哥哥差不多。

Last year`s catch was four times that of 1986.去年的捕鱼量为1986年的四倍。

This was a decisive move.这是一个决定性的步骤。

They can be used as a stock feed.它们可以作为牲口饲料。

Women have a equal say in everything.妇女在各方面都有同样的发言权。

He won two games；the other two were draws.他赢了两局，另外两局打平了。

②也有相当多的名词可以当动词用。许多表示物件的名词可以用做动词来表示动

作。

Have you booked your ticket？

Who chaired the meeting？

He pinned great hopes on us.

It can seat a thousand people.

We have mapped out plans for their utilization.

It pictures the life of overseas Chinese students.

He hurriedly penciled the time on it.

By noon he had bagged three hares.

The machine bottles15000 jars of cold cream a day.

The money was all pocketed by corrupt officials.

He hammered a nail into the wall.

有些表示身体部位的名词也可以用来做动词。

Hand in you exercise-books，please.

We’ll back you up. We should dare to face any difficulty and danger.

Who headed the delegation. （当团长）。We’ll headed for Yunnan tomorrow.

We should shoulder these responsibilities.（肩负）

She fingered the silk gently.（抚摩）

Soon the seedings shot up and began to ear.（抽穗）

They eyed him with suspicion.（注视）

一些表示一类人的名词也可用做动词：

If so，we shall be badly fooled.（上当）

He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.（护理）

We were hosted by members of the embassy.（款待）

Our aim is to save the patient and not to doctor him to death.（医治）The equipment was manned by three workers per shift.（操作）

He has soldiered in France in his youth.（当兵）

The army was officered by brave men.（担任军官）

He fathered many inventions.（有过）

一些表示其他实物的名词也可用做动词：

Each apartment can house a family of six.（居住）

I hope we can room together.（住）

This helped to bridge over our difficulties. （度过）

They flowered well but bore little fruit. （开花）

He floored the room.（装地板）

He manured the soil before sowing.（施底肥）

An aeroplane was used to dust insecticide.（喷洒）

We decided to dam the river.（筑河坝）

He is busy oiling the bicycle.（上油）

He wolfed down three great bowls of rice.（狼吞虎咽）

The pill is coated with sugar.（包有糖衣）

Executives，workers and technicians team up.（组织在一起）

此外，还有一些抽象名词等也可以用做动词：

Where do swallows winter？（过冬）

We summered by Lake Geneva.（度夏）

For six days and nights they battled to save his life.（苦战）

Through my childhood，I had hungered for education.（盼望）

This so angered us that we beat him up.（使气愤）

The attack must be properly timed.（选择时间）

The actual labor force numbered 12000.（计数有）

They breakfasted（lunched）at the guesthouse.（吃早饭）

Over 1000 students stormed into the Senate building.（冲进）

③有不少形容词也可以用做动词：

The train slowed down to half its speed.（减慢一半）

This is the chief way of narrowing the differences between them.（缩小）Please warm up the dish over the stove.（热一下）

The room gradually quieted down.（安静下来）

They periodically thinned out leaves.（打掉）

Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.（纠正）

Nothing dries sooner than a tear.（干）。Shelly was unable to calm her. The results humbled him.（失体面）

Don’t idle away your time.（白白混掉）

They braved the bitter cold to complete the railway.（不顾）