人力资本与大学生职业地位获得研究

A Dissertation for the degree of w

A Research on Human Capital and Status Attainment of College Students

——Based on the investigation of universities in Wuhan city

Candidate ：Wan Tianyi

Major ：Social Work

Supervisor：Wu Zhongyu

Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan,430074,P.R.China

June，2005

人力资本与大学生职业地位获得研究

——以武汉市部分高校为例

摘要

大学生就业问题是当前及今后一段时间内整个社会所关注的一个焦点。本文从考察大学毕业生所具备的人力资本，即将其具体操作化为知识要素、技能要素和健康要素入手，研究了大学生人力资本在其就业过程中对其职业地位获得机会和质量所发挥的作用。研究中综合运用问卷调查法、个案访谈法以及文献收集资料，并以社会学和经济学中人力资本的相关理论为指导展开研究。

全文共分为四个部分：

第一部分为导言部分。主要介绍了研究问题的背景和意义，并对相关研究现状进行了简要的评述。

第二部分详细的介绍了研究设计的基本思路、核心变量的操作化和测量指标、样本的抽取和资料的收集方法，并对本次研究的局限性进行了说明。

第三部分为结果和分析部分。首先，采用相关系数法探讨大学生人力资本对其地位获得机会的影响，接着采用同样的方法对大学生人力资本对其地位获得质量的影响进行了分析，最后根据变量的实际情况，利用Logistic模型和多元回归模型分别讨论了大学生人力资本对其地位获得机会和质量的影响作用。

第四部分为小结和讨论部分。首先总结了大学生人力资本对其地位获得的影响，并分析了其他变量（包括性别、政治面貌和出生地）对大学生地位获得所起的作用；接下来对社会资本和制度因素对大学生地位获得的影响进行了讨论，由此引出了对“人力资本”概念的适用性问题的探索性思考。最后针对大学生职业地位获得的基本现状，提出了几点建议。

关键词：人力资本大学生职业地位获得

Abstract

The employment of University students is a focus which the whole society should pay close attention to at present and even in future. This research analyses the effectiveness of the graduates’human capital, which includes the elements of knowledge, skills and health, through the course of the status attainment with its possibility of chance and also the quality of the occupation. This study collects materials through questionnaire survey and in-dept interview, based on the relevant theories of human capital in sociology, and economics.

This article can be divided into four parts.

The first part is the introduction of this paper. It includes the background, the literature review of this research.

The second part introduces the framework of this study, the hypothesis, the conceptualization and the operations of the concept.

Part three, we use the Guttman’s coefficient of predictability, logistic regression and linear regression method to explores how the human capital takes effect during the process of occupational status attainment either by its possibility of getting jobs and its quality by terms of salaries.

Part four is the last part which the conclusions are clearly summed up. In this section, we first talk about the influence of the human capital and other variables. Then we try to find the regulation of the interactions among social capital, institution and human capital during this process. From the discussions, we come across another question: is the economical concept of human capital adapted to the sociology study? Based on the results of this study we make some suggestions for those graduates seeking for work. And the limitations of this research are also mentioned at the end of this part.

Key words：human capital，graduates，occupational status attainment