翻译中的形合与意合复习过程
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语段中不同部分之间的语法和／或词汇关系，这种联 系可能存在于一个句子中不同部分之间。
For example:
1. A: Is Jenny coming to the party?
B: Yes, she is.
There is a link between Jenny and she and also between is…coming and is.
如果你向左转弯，你就可以远远看到我们学校。
5. The cat ate the mouse that ate the malt that lay in the corner of the house.
耗子吃了落在房子角落里的麦芽糖，而猫又吃了耗 子。
第三章 形合与意合 Hypotactic vs．Paratactic
译例 1 All was cleared up some time later when
news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.
译文：
过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小 铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得 到了澄清。
3. The water of the lake was so clear that every fish could be seen distinctly.
湖水清澈，游鱼历历可数。
4. If you turn to the left, you will find our school at a distance.
2. If you are going to London, I can give you the address of a good hotel there.
the link is between London and there.
1、关系词和连接词
关系词，如 who, whom, ose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how 等
Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives. e.g.: I shall despair if yon don't come.
Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. e.g.: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away.
These links may be based on the speakers’ shared knowledge. For example -A: Could you give me a lift home? B: Sorry, I’m visiting my sister.
There is no grammatical or lexical link between A's question and B’s reply, but the exchange has coherence because both A and B know that B's sister lives in the opposite direction to A's home.
英语造句主要采用形合法。 汉语造句主要采用意合法。
一、英语的形合法
英语造句注重显性接应(overt cohesion)、句子形式、 结构完整、以形显义
英语句中的连接手段和形式(cohesive ties) 不仅数量大，种类多，而且用得十分频繁
coherence （连贯）：the relationships which link the meanings of UTTERANCES in a DISCOURSE or of the sentences in a text. 连接语篇中话语的意义或语段中句子的意义的关系。
译例 2 It had been a fine, golden autumn, a
一、英语的形合法 1、关系词和连接词 2、介词 3、其他连接手段
二、汉语的意合法 1、语序 2、反复、排比、对偶、对照等 3、紧缩句 4、四字格
三、英汉互译
形合：词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（如关 联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。
意合：词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接， 句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的 含义表达。
cohesion （连结）：the grammatical and/or lexical relationships between the different elements of a text. This may be the relationship between different sentences or between different parts of a sentence.
翻译中的形合与意合
2. This was an intelligently organized and
fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.
这是一次精心组织起来的会议。市政厅里济济一堂， 热情洋溢，主持会议的是斯特朗先生。
连接词， 如 and, or, but, yet, so, however, as well as, (n)either … (n)or …, when, while, as, since, until, so-that, unless, lest 等
英语造句几乎离不开这些关系词和连接 词，汉语则少用甚至不用这类词。
For example:
1. A: Is Jenny coming to the party?
B: Yes, she is.
There is a link between Jenny and she and also between is…coming and is.
如果你向左转弯，你就可以远远看到我们学校。
5. The cat ate the mouse that ate the malt that lay in the corner of the house.
耗子吃了落在房子角落里的麦芽糖，而猫又吃了耗 子。
第三章 形合与意合 Hypotactic vs．Paratactic
译例 1 All was cleared up some time later when
news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.
译文：
过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小 铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得 到了澄清。
3. The water of the lake was so clear that every fish could be seen distinctly.
湖水清澈，游鱼历历可数。
4. If you turn to the left, you will find our school at a distance.
2. If you are going to London, I can give you the address of a good hotel there.
the link is between London and there.
1、关系词和连接词
关系词，如 who, whom, ose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how 等
Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives. e.g.: I shall despair if yon don't come.
Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. e.g.: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away.
These links may be based on the speakers’ shared knowledge. For example -A: Could you give me a lift home? B: Sorry, I’m visiting my sister.
There is no grammatical or lexical link between A's question and B’s reply, but the exchange has coherence because both A and B know that B's sister lives in the opposite direction to A's home.
英语造句主要采用形合法。 汉语造句主要采用意合法。
一、英语的形合法
英语造句注重显性接应(overt cohesion)、句子形式、 结构完整、以形显义
英语句中的连接手段和形式(cohesive ties) 不仅数量大，种类多，而且用得十分频繁
coherence （连贯）：the relationships which link the meanings of UTTERANCES in a DISCOURSE or of the sentences in a text. 连接语篇中话语的意义或语段中句子的意义的关系。
译例 2 It had been a fine, golden autumn, a
一、英语的形合法 1、关系词和连接词 2、介词 3、其他连接手段
二、汉语的意合法 1、语序 2、反复、排比、对偶、对照等 3、紧缩句 4、四字格
三、英汉互译
形合：词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（如关 联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。
意合：词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接， 句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的 含义表达。
cohesion （连结）：the grammatical and/or lexical relationships between the different elements of a text. This may be the relationship between different sentences or between different parts of a sentence.
翻译中的形合与意合
2. This was an intelligently organized and
fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.
这是一次精心组织起来的会议。市政厅里济济一堂， 热情洋溢，主持会议的是斯特朗先生。
连接词， 如 and, or, but, yet, so, however, as well as, (n)either … (n)or …, when, while, as, since, until, so-that, unless, lest 等
英语造句几乎离不开这些关系词和连接 词，汉语则少用甚至不用这类词。