必修三module 5单词+课文+翻译

Module5

equal adj. 平等的

importance n. 重要；重要性

philosopher n. 哲学家

philosophy n. 哲学

teaching n. （常作复数）教导；学说

thinker n. 思想

kindness n. 善良

order n. 秩序

principle n. 原则；准则

position n. 职位

stress vt. 强

resign vi. 辞职

adviser n. 顾问

influential adj. 有影响的

love n. 仁爱

honesty n. 诚实

justice n. 公正

bark n. 树皮

contribution n. 贡献

invent vt. 发明

leather n. 皮革

monk n. 和尚

soft adj. 柔软的

category n. 范畴；种类

sutra n. （佛教的）经

inventor n. 发明家

argument n. 争论；辩论；议论

freedom n. 自由

fuel n. 燃料

condition n. 状况；条件；环境

MODULE 5

Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China中国古代的伟大人物及其发明hilosophers of Ancient China中国古代的哲学家

Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius(551BC-479BC) is the philosopher whose

influence has been the greatest.He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother, He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler.He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly. Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.For example, he considered that government was most important.As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal.His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.

古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。孔子（公元前551--公元前479）是影响最大的哲学家。

他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受孔子学说的影响已长达两千多年。孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前372年，

自小就丧父，他母亲把他抚养成人。他成为儒家弟子，并在一个国家政府谋得很重要的职位。但是当他发现统治者并不听从他的建议时，他辞职了。好几年的时间，他周游列国，宣扬儒家学说。然后他又成为了另一个统治者的顾问。

他晚年一直在准备记载他自己学说的书《孟子》。

孟子认为人区别于动物的本质就是人是性善的。

他主张“仁政”、“王道”，提倡“民为重，君为轻”，反对暴政。

墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。墨子于公元前476年出生于一个贫苦家庭。

他因为不同寻常的服装和行为举止而出名。墨子创立了墨家学派，

他的理论在某些方面和孔子的理论相似。例如，他认为统治非常重要，因此他花了好多年努力寻找一个人们愿意听从他的理论的国家。

墨子认为人人都是平等的，他主张的“兼爱”与孔子的“仁爱”不同。

墨子认为我们必须爱护所有的人，照顾比我们弱小的人。墨子反对统治者发动的侵略战争。墨子逝世于公元前390年。