五套托福阅读练习材料英汉对照

五套托福阅读练习材料英汉对照

天道留学

一．中途岛海战

中途岛海战，是第二次世界大战的一场重要战役，也是美国海军以少胜多的一个著名战例。其于1942年6月4日展开，美国海军不仅在此战役中成功地击退了日本海军对中途岛环礁的攻击，还得到了太平洋战区的主动权，因此成为二战太平洋战区的转折点。

The Battle of Midway is widely regarded as the most important naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of World War II.Between 4 and 7 June 1942, approximately one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea and six months after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States Navy decisively defeated an Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) attack against Midway Atoll, inflicting irreparable damage on the Japanese.

The Japanese operation, like the earlier attack on Pearl Harbor, aimed to eliminate the United States as a strategic power in the Pacific, thereby giving Japan a free hand in establishing its Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. It was hoped another demoralizing defeat would force the U.S. to negotiate an end to the Pacific War on conditions favorable to Japan.

The Japanese plan was to lure the United States’ few remaining carriers int o a trap.The Japanese also intended to occupy Midway Atoll as part of an overall plan to extend their defensive perimeter in response to the Doolittle Raid. This operation was considered preparatory for further attacks against Fiji and Samoa.

The plan was handicapped by faulty Japanese assumptions of American reaction and poor initial dispositions.Most significantly, American codebreakers were able to determine the date and location of the attack, enabling the forewarned U.S. Navy to set up an ambush of its own. Four Japanese aircraft carriers and a heavy cruiser were sunk in exchange for one American aircraft carrier and a destroyer. The heavy losses in carriers and aircrews permanently weakened the Imperial Japanese Navy.Japanese shipbuilding and pilot training programs in providing replacements were unable to keep pace even with her own losses, while the U.S. steadily increased output in both areas.

Japan had been highly successful in swiftly securing its initial war goals, including the conquest of the Philippines, Malaya, Singapore, and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) with its vital resources. As such, preliminary planning for a second phase of operations commenced as early as January 1942. However, because of strategic differences between the Imperial Army and Imperial Navy, as well as infighting between the Navy’s GHQ and Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto’s Combined Fleet, the formulation of effective strategy was hampered, and the follow-up strategy was not finalized until April 1942.

二 2030年人类将需要两个地球

科学家预计在2030年，由于人类的运用地球资源的方式，也许人类需要两个地球才能满足对资源的需求量。真的有这么严重吗，我们一起来看看。

Humans are overusing the planet's resources and will need two Earths by 2030，a new report warns.

一份新报告警示：由于人类过度的使用地球上的资源，到2030年人类将需要两个地球。

According to the Report， human demands on natural resources have doubled in under 50 years and are now outstripping what the Earth can provide by more than half; and humanity carries on as it is in use of resources， globally it will need the capacity of two Earths by 2030.

该报告指出，人类对自然资源的需求量在不到50年内翻了一番，目前已超出地球供应能力的一半。如果人类继续以这种方式消耗资源的话，到2030年，人类需要两个地球才能满足对资源的需求量。

Wildlife in tropical countries is also under huge pressure， with populations of species falling by 60 per cent in three decades.

热带国家的一些野生动植物也承受着巨大的压力，在30年内，动植物的种类已经下降了60%.

And the report， from the WWF， the Zoological Society of London and the Global Footprint Network， said that British people are still consuming far more than the Earth can cope with.

该由世界自然基金会、伦敦动物学会和环球足迹网络共同完成报告指出，英国人资源的消耗量远远仍然超出了地球的的供应量。

If everyone lived such a lifestyle， humans would need 2.75 planets to survive.

如果每个人都过这样的生活方式，人类恐怕需要2.75个行星来维持生存。

The study's authors looked at 8，000 populations of 2，500 species and studied the change in land use and water consumption across the globe.

做该研究的人观察了2500多个物种、8000个种群的生存状况，并研究了全球范围内的土地使用以及水资源消耗的变化情况。