给排水专业英语Unit3

chlorination
格栅 aeration
氯化
bar screen 曝气
sedimentation
clarification saturation 消毒 storage reservoir street layout extract 环状管网
沉淀
澄清 饱和度，（达到）饱和状态 disinfection 贮水池 街道布局 抽出，吸取 loop system
市政的
components
are
identified;urban
机械的
New Words & Expressions:
omit
省略，删掉
connectivity 连通性
3.3 Important sentences
1. 2.
(第六段)During the past century,two types of urban drainage systems have evolved-combined and separate.The combined system conveys both surface runoff and municipal wastewaters in a single pipe.In dry weather,the flow is transported to the sewage treatment plant and treated.In wet weather ,as the runoff inflow into the combined sewers increases,the capacity of the collection system and of the treatment plant is exceeded and the excess flows are allowed to escape from the collection system
译：城市水资源的枯竭和退化近来推动了可持续发展城市水系统的发展，其主张低水耗，自然排 水保护，通过水资源保护和再利用减量废水，先进的水污染控制和水生态系统保护和优化。
New Words & Expressions:
sustainable
可持续的
preservation 保护 保存
3.3 Important sentences
城市化
集水，集水处
impact of urbanization on the hydrologic cycle. During urban development, urban
不可渗透的
surfaces are covered by impervious elements such as rooftops, streets, sidewalks and parking lots, and soils become consolidated by land use activities.
译：这两种排水系统存在着许多变化。集流区排水，污水管，污水处理厂和受纳水体之间的相互 关系可以从图5.1（a）和5.1（b）看出。雨水管的排放量和受纳水体的相互作用很强，并与城市化 对水文循环的影响有关。在城市发展过程中，城市表面被不透水材料覆盖，如屋顶，街道，人行
巩固，加强
道和停车场，用地活动使得土壤变得更加紧实。
1.
(第五段) Basic elements of the urban water system are shown in Figures 5.1(a) and
5.1(b).Three
major
water
pollution
control
相关性
drainage(conveying both surface runoff and municipal wastewaters),sewage treatment plants,and the receiving waters.The interdependency and connectivity among these components are shown by arrows indicating hydraulic transport by either gravity or pumping.For simplicity,only the major pathways of flow and pollutants are shown.Other transport modes,such as the mechanical removal of solids or sludge from various elements of the system,have been omitted.
3.3 Important sentences
消耗，枯竭 恶化，毁坏
制造业，工业 融化，溶解
1. (第四段) The depletion and degradation of urban water resources recently has led to the advocacy of a sustainable urban water system,characterized by lower water consumption,preservation of natural drainage,reduced generation of wastewater through water conservation and reuse,advanced water pollution control,and preservation and/or enhancement of the receiving water ecosystem.
. 译：污水可分为以下几组分: ①生活污水。从住宅，商业体（如银行，餐馆，零售商店）和公立机构（如学校和医院）排放的污水。 ②工业废水。从工厂（制造业和化工）排放的污水。 ③渗透和入流。由渗透进入排水系统的地下水和由雨水斗，基础排水沟和淹没的人孔进入排水系统的雨水。 ④雨水。下雨和雪融引起的地表径流。
3.2 New words and expressions


Domestic wastewater
Drainage system Combined sewers Separate sewers Untreated water
生活污水
排水系统 合流制 分流制 未处理水
Finished water
消耗，损耗
污泥 收纳水体 漏出、渗漏 硝化作用
Denitrification
Eutrophication
反硝化作用
富营养化
3.3 Important sentences
1. (第一段) Wastewater may be classified into the following components:
译：城市排水系统的基本构成如图5.1（a）和5.1（b）所示。可以确认控制水污染的三个主要部分 是：城市排水系统（输送地表径流和市政污水），污水处理构筑物和接纳水体。这些组分的相关 性和连通性通过箭头表示水力运输重力或者泵压引起的。为简单起见，只表明了水流和污染物流 动的主要途径。其他运输方式，如系统各部分中固体杂质和污泥的机械去除已经被省略。
生活污水 住宅 Domestic or sanitary wastewater.Wastewater discharged from residences,commercial(e.g.,banks, restaurants,retail stores), and institutional facilities(e.g.,schools and hospitals) 制造业，工业 Industrial wastewater.Wastewater discharged from industries(e.g., manufacturing and chemical processes). Infiltration and inflow.Water that enters the sewer system from groundwater infiltration,storm water that enters from roof drains,foundation drains,and submerged manholes. 融化，溶解 ④Storm water.Runoff from rainfall and snow melt.
译：在分流制系统中，地表径流是通过雨水管运输并排入收纳水体中，而市政污水被污水管输送 到污水处理构筑物并在排入到收纳水体之前先被处理掉。
New Words & Expressions: storm sewers 雨水管
prior to
在。。。之前
3.3 Important sentences
相关性，合作
Organic pollutant
出水
有机污染物
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)生化需氧量
3.2 New words and expressions


Depletion
Sludge Receiving water Exfiltration Nitrification
3.3 Important sentences
抽象，抽取
1.
( 第 八 段 ) Consequently, natural rainfall abstractions caused by vegetative
New Words & Expressions: excess n.超过;超额量;多余量;
adj.超重的，过量的，额外的泵站
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
3.3 Important sentences
1.
(第七段)In the separate sewer system,surface runoff is transported by storm sewers and discharged into the receiving waters,and municipal wastewaters are transported by sanitary sewers to the sewage treatment plant and treated prior to discharge into the receiving waters.
1.
(第八段) Both drainage system exist in many variations. Interactions among
catchments drainage, sewers, sewage treatment plants, and the receiving waters are shown in Figures5.1a and 5.1b. The interactions between storm sewer discharge and the receiving waters are particularly strong and related to the
溢流 超出
into the receiving waters in the form of the so-called combined sewer overflows(CSOs).
译：在上个世纪中，城市排水系统已经发展为两种：合流制和分流制。合流制系统在同一管道中 输送地表径流和市政污水。气候干旱时，水流被运输到处理构筑物并被处理。下雨天，由于进入 合流制管道的地表径流增多，超出了这个收集系统和处理构筑物的容量，多余的水流会从管道中 溢流出来进入收纳水体，就形成了所谓的合流制系统污水溢流（CSOs）
Specialized English for Water and Wastewater Engineering
给排水专业英语
主讲教师：李康
Lesson 3
Wastewater collection and Sewerage System Design
污水收集与排水系统设计
3.1 Words and expressions Review