哥伦布发现新大陆(英文版) 共31页PPT资料

4.Political system
Spain had already established unified centralized central autocracy(统一集权 的中央专治制度), the Queen can centralize and manoeuvre(调动) qualified personnel, material resources and financial resources to make explorations.
But Spain didn’t stop expansion. Breaking the sea road meet the requirement. Spain also have another conspiracy, that’s united the emperor of eastern Mongolia making a flank attack on Muslims.
In 1492, King Ferdinand(国王费迪南二 世 ) and Queen Isabella(王后伊莎贝拉 一世 )conquered Granada(格拉纳达 ),
the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian peninsula(伊比利亚半岛).
Voyages of Christopher Columbus
On the evening of August 3, 1492, Columbus departed from Palos(帕斯 洛—西班牙港口) with three ships: one larger carrack, Santa Maria(圣玛利亚号), and two smaller caravels, Pinta（平塔 号 ）and Santa Clara（尼尼雅号）.
background of voyages
1. Religious factors Religious was one important factor enforced Europe including Spain to expand abroad. The Spanish, who believe in Catholicism(天主教), conflicting with Muslims frequently.
Since Sewenku.baidu.comtember 9, Columbus began to hide the real navigational speed and miles, avoided that sailors may alarmed for they too far away from the land.
3.The greed for wealth
Europe had long enjoyed a safe passage to China and India------the gold and sources of valued goods such as silk, spices etc.
The east of Mediterranean(地中海) was under Ottoman’s(土耳其) control, which was the traditional commercial road through east and west. Spain, at the same time, having completed an expensive war, was desperate for a competitive edge over other European countries in trade with the East Indies(东印度群岛).
2.Territory pressure and ambition
Along the road of Africa towards east on the sea was monopolized by Portuguese(葡萄牙), and the road on land was blocked by Muslims. In order to develop an overseas empire, Spain decided to set up another road to east.
the Discovery of America
There are mainly three aspects.
Background of voyages Voyages of Christopher
Columbus The significance of the
discovery of America
September 14, exploration party began to discover seabird constantly. It seems that the land is right in front of them. And on September 16, they discovered much grass, which looks like a green hill. In fact, what they met was just Sargasso Sea(马 尾藻海), which was 4,500,000 sq. km.
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Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands(加那利群岛), where he restocked the provisions and made repairs, and on September 6, he started what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean.
5.About Christopher Columbus
When Christopher Columbus in Portugal, he obtained rich experience of oceanic navigation, learned much knowledge of astronomy, geography, hydrology(水文学) and meteorology(气象学).